Nandkumar shind college of pharmacy, vaijapur, 423701.
Throughout history, sandalwood oil has been used for many different things, including food, cosmetics, and pharmaceuticals. Its effects on wrinkled skin are now becoming more widely acknowledged in this review article, a succinct analysis of several skin conditions, particularly skin aging and appearance, has been discussed and wrinkly skin, as well as an explanation of sandalwood oil and how to apply it topically to the skin. Consequently, it emphasizes the use of sandalwood oil’s anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties for therapeutic purpose Is to explain the cell-regulating qualities and nitric oxide (NO) scavenging actions on wrinkled skin.
Skin aging is a component of the “aging mosaic” that occurs naturally in humans and takes different forms over time in various organs, tissues, and cells. As the Internal organ aging symptoms are hidden from the ambient “eyes,” the skin makes the first noticeable traces of the time that is passing. It is commonly known that the first factor influencing a person’s sociocultural relationships is their skin our outward appearance plays a critical role in our ability to accept and For societal interactions. Emotions are expressed through the skin.And the manifestation of one’s state of wellness and health. The signal is produced by the color, opacity, and hydration levels Regarding the psychophysical state. The crease is a groove on The surface of the skin. It results from a gradual loss of collagen resulting in the tissue’s low elasticity and a lower cell division. There are two types of aging that can be discussed in relation to our skin: environmental and chronological aging. From a clinical, historical, and environmental perspective Skin changes associated with ageing include thinning and loss of flexibility, texture, wrinkling, elevated desiccation, and deterioration of the skin’s protective layer. Ageing according to time depends on a reduction in the rate of cell division the epidermis, dermis, and hypodermis (senescence), however, from Deterioration in the Remodeling of the extracellular matrix, such as elastic and collagen bundles.Skin aging in its second form is mediated by external elements like UV rays air pollution, smoking, variations in the outside temperature, and additional agents of exposure skin aging. Popularly referred to as Indian Sandalwood, Santalum album L. (Santalaceae) is one of the most valuable and ancient natural fragrance sources, possessing immense medicinal and The album S. has gained commercial significance. India, respected worldwide for the last 25 centuries, for its delicious, durable, and therapeutic properties aromatic oil. The derived essential oil from sandalwood various applications of sandal heartwood ancient medical practices, such as Siddha and Ayurveda additionally, Unani medicine in the management and avoidance of numerous illnesses. The flexible medicinal and One reason sandalwood is important for healthcare is because especially abundant source of phytochemicals Sesquiterpenes. plant's heartwood is where sandalwood oil is The extracted. With a variety of minor components, this volatile oil contains approximately 90% alpha- and beta-santalols 6% or so of sesquiterpene hydrocarbons are included. As the The pleasant smell of is caused by santalols. Sandalwood, while 2-furfuryl pyrrole might produce a result. Approximately 50% of an dark red, set, viscous oil, Stearolic acid is present in this oil along with santalbic acid. Fingerprinting of gas chromatography Given that the components of sandalwood oils are complex, they have been used with success. Sandalwood is primarily used as a sedative and coolant. Effect and astringent properties, which make it beneficial as genitourinary and bronchial tract disinfectant, stimulant, expectorant, and diuretic. The charming and strong and enduring scent renders sandalwood oil beneficial in industry of perfumes. Additionally, it serves as a tonic for memory, anti-poison, liver, stomach, and heart Enhancement as well as a blood cleanser. Multiple applications of the Ayurvedic system makes reference to sandalwood treatment of a number of other illnesses, such as diarrhea, with intrinsic bleeding hemorrhage vomiting, bleeding piles, poisoning, first stage of the pox, hiccoughs, urticaria, and eye inflammation and infections in the umbilicus.
Skin aging is primarily caused by two processes: extrinsic and intrinsic. A stochastic mechanism that suggests random damage to cells due to mutations during metabolic activities as a result of the creation of free radicals are also involved. The cause of extrinsic aging is environmental elements like air quality and sun exposure poor nutrition, alcohol abuse, smoking, and pollution. Ageing from within is a reflection of one’s genetic makeup and is contingent upon time. Different manifestations of natural aging consist of thin, silky skin and pronounced lines of expression. Skin that is externally aged is characterized by photodamage, such as wrinkles, spots of pigmentation, and uneven actinic keratoses and hypopigmentation. Prompt safeguards such as chemical and physical sunscreens, In addition to limiting your exposure to strong UV radiation, The most crucial thing
Texture: Even an infant's skin has a surface pattern made up of groves or depressions that meet to form a tiny rhomboid area.
Expressional: These are the lines that appear on the face when the skin has to adjust to the movements of the muscles in the face. It is true that the insertion of the facial muscles occurs beneath the skin. As a result, the skin moves in tandem with them. These thirty years old, cranes are visible, but they do not growth in quantity over time; rather, they grow more profound their path is not parallel to the direction of muscle fibers.
Here are some approaches to skin anti-aging:
Avoid the sun, or use sunscreen to block UV radiation. You can also use self-tanner instead of getting a tan.
Eat a healthy, balanced diet, and consider taking supplements that contain vitamins C and E, zinc, and omega-3 fatty acids.
Avoid smoking, drink less alcohol, and exercise regularly. Avoid yo-yo dieting, and try to maintain a healthy weight.
Use topical treatments that are in sync with your skin’s circadian rhythm.
A dermatologist can recommend medical treatments like prescription creams, serums, injections, chemical peels, microneedling, and laser treatments.
Consider retinoids, antioxidants, and natural products like polyphenols. You can also explore alternative compounds for sun protection.
1.Antioxidant Properties :
Antioxidant principles that support their traditional medicinal uses were demonstrated by the phytochemical and pharmacological studies. It has been reported to possess both DPPH antioxidant activity and nitrous oxide scavenging activity .The antioxidant and nutritional significance of S. album’s anthocyanic pigment cyanidin glucoside has been demonstrated . Nine in vitro antioxidant tests were used in a comparative study to demonstrate that callus cells grown in vitro exhibited antioxidant activities comparable to those of sandalwood oil.
2. Assessment of Nitric Oxide Scavenging Capabilities : The potential regulatory impact of extracts from Indian medicinal plants, such as S. album, was investigated on levels of nitric oxide (NO) with sodium nitroprusside as an in vitro donor of NO. The majority of plant extracts showed scavenging on NO that is directly dose dependent and showed a great deal of activity.
3. Anti-inflammatory properties: Use East Indian sandalwood to treat dry skin conditions like eczema because it has anti-inflammatory properties and acts as an emollient to absorb heat and discomfort away from the skin, as well as aid in the production of cells of healthy skin. Itching is relieved by sandalwood oil, and irritation of the skin, and works best in It is excellent for anti-aging because it relieves dehydrated skin. Skincare, and the toning effects of the astringent action are excellent effect and works wonders for oily skin as well conditions and to stop unsightly skin formation scars as well as to combat dry eczema. Santalum album significantly inhibited the carrageenan-induced paw edema, cotton, demonstrating its anti-inflammatory and antiulcer properties. Pylorus ligation and pellet-induced granuloma caused an ulcer. These results could support the incorporation of this plant into the efficient administration of ulcers and other inflammatory conditions in the conventional system of medication. The in vivo analgesic and in vitro antioxidant and mice's anti-inflammatory properties were demonstrated for sandalwood methanolic extracts.
4.Cell regulatory properties: Sandalwood oil is calming, cooling, and moisturizing when applied topically. It is mostly used for dry skin conditions brought on by moisture loss and skin inflammations. It can help alleviate eczema and psoriasis, as well as to treat acne and oily skin. The Sandalwood's emollient qualities make it beneficial in skin care. Sandalwood oil has calming, cooling properties and hydrating dry skin conditions brought on by dehydration and management of acne and oily skin
5. Metabolic properties: Sandalwood oil has been shown to alter the hepatic enzymes that metabolize xenobiotics in newborn mouse pups after trans-mammary exposure. It is additionally noted that sandalwood oil and its components altered the hepatic xenobiotic after passing through milk. Metabolizing enzymes, including elevated liver Glutathione reductase,glutathione-S-transferase, and activities of glutathione peroxidase, with accompanying rise in acid-soluble hepatic cytochrome b5 Sulphydryl levels and hepatic cytochrome decline content for P 450.
CONCLUSIONS:
Depending on their composition, topical applications of sandalwood oil may affect the skin differently. The ingredients in sandalwood oil could rejuvenate and repair wrinkled skin by a number of mechanisms: properties that reduce inflammation; (ii) properties that scavenge nitric oxide (NO); (iv) properties that regulate cells; and (v) properties that affect metabolism. Sandalwood oil can be better understood through additional research, which could lead to the creation of skin care products and dermatological treatments..
REFERENCES
Kiran Pawar*, Sayyed Kirmani, Rajendra kawade, Indian Sandalwood Oil's Ability to Shield Against the Negative Effects of Sunlight Exposure, Int. J. of Pharm. Sci., 2024, Vol 2, Issue 12, 187-194. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14262220