View Article

Abstract

Diabetes mellitus, a chronic metabolic disorder, affects millions of individuals worldwide. The management of diabetes is essential to prevent complications and improve the quality of life of those affected. Two primary approaches to diabetes treatment are Allopathy, a conventional system of medicine, and Ayurveda, an ancient system of traditional medicine. This study aims to provide a comparative analysis of these two approaches in the treatment of diabetes. The research involves a comprehensive review of the scientific literature, clinical studies, and expert opinions related to diabetes treatment in both Allopathy and Ayurveda. It explores the principles, methodologies, and therapeutic options offered by each system, including pharmaceutical interventions, dietary guidelines, lifestyle modifications, and herbal remedies. The study also examines the safety, efficacy, and side effects associated with treatments in both Allopathy and Ayurveda. Factors such as cost, accessibility, and patient preferences are considered to provide a holistic view of the two approaches. The results of this comparative study will help healthcare professionals, patients, and policymakers make informed decisions about diabetes treatment options. By understanding the strengths and limitations of Allopathy and Ayurveda in managing diabetes, individuals can choose the most suitable approach based on their unique needs and beliefs. Additionally, it may highlight areas of potential synergy between these systems, paving the way for integrated and personalized approaches to diabetes care.

Keywords

Diabetes mellitus, Allopathic medicine, Ayurvedic treatment, Blood glucose control, Insulin therapy, Herbal remedies, Pharmacological intervention, Lifestyle modifications, Side effects, Efficacy, Long-term outcomes, Patient satisfaction, Integrative medicine, Complementary therapies, Traditional medicine, Holistic approach, Clinical trials

Reference

  1. Murugesh Shivshankar, Dhandayuthapani Mani. A brief overview of diabetes. International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Science, 2011; 3(4): 1-24.
  2. Medical Officer (Ay), North Eastern Institute of Ayurveda and Homeopathy (NEIAH), Shillong, India. Diabetes Mellitus: A comparative study as per ayurvedic and modern classics. International Journal of Research in Ayurveda Pharm., 2015; 7(1): 30.
  3. Saurabh Nimesh, Ravi Tomar and Shubham Dhiman. Medicinal herb plants and allopathic

drugs to treat diabetes mellitus: A glance. Advances in Pharmacology and Clinical Trials, 2019; 4(1): 3.

  1. Amreen Fatima, Parul Agrawal, Prem Prakash Singh. Herbal option for diabetes: An overview. Asian Pacific journal of Tropical Disease, S538.
  2. Diagnosis and Classification of Diabetes Mellitus. American Diabetes Association, 2005;28(1): 538-539.
  3. https://www.wjpps.com/Wjpps_controller/abstract_id/16095
  4. Use of Ayurveda in the Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Allison Gordon, MD Candidate,1 Zankhana Buch, MD,2 Vanessa Baute, MD,1 and Remy Coeytaux, MD1
  5. Rakhi Mishra, Mohd Shuaib, Shravan and Prem Shanker Mishra, A review on herbal antidiabetic drugs, JAPS 01 (06); 2011: 235-237.
  6. Das Surya Narayan, Patra V.J., Dinda S.C, Diabetes And Indian Traditional Medicines A Overview, Int. J pharma pharm S, Vol 4, Issue 3,2012,43-45.
  7. Zaman. Z. A, Singh. G. P, Assessment of antihyperglycemic and antihyperlipidemic activity of common ayurvedic formulation in alloxan- induced diabetic rabbits. JDMS, Volume 2, Issue 2 (Nov-Dec. 2012), pp 2-20
  8. Blumenschein K, Johannesson M. Economic evaluation in healthcare. A brief history and future directions, Pharmacoeconomics. 1996; 10 (2):114-22
  9. Ma ninder Kaur, Vandana Valecha, Diabetes and Antidiabetic Herbal Formulations: An alternative to Allopathy EJM, Vol. 6, No. 4, pp. 226-240, 2014 pp.227-231.
  10. Tripa thi KD, Essentials of medical pharmacology.6th ed. Jaypee Publishers;2008: Pp.254.
  11. P Srinivas, K Prameela Devi, B Shailja, Diabetes Mellitus (Madhumeha)-an ayurvedic review, Int. J Pharma Pharm S, Vol 6, Suppl 1, 2014,Pp.107-110
  12. https://www.cdc.gov/diabetes/basics/index.html.
  13. Ehrma nn D, Kulzer B, Roos T, Haak T, Al-Khatib M, Hermanns N. Risk factors and prevention strategies for diabetic ketoacidosis in people with established type 1 diabetes. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol. 2020 May;8(5):436-446. [PubMed]
  14. Moba sseri M, Shirmohammadi M, Amiri T, Vahed N, Hosseini Fard H, Ghojazadeh M.

Prevalence and incidence of type 1 diabetes in the world: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Health Promot Perspect. 2020;10(2):98-115. [PMC free article] [PubMed]

  1. Dabelea D, Rewers A, Stafford JM, Standiford DA, Lawrence JM, Saydah S, Imperatore G,

D'Agostino RB, Mayer-Davis EJ, Pihoker C., SEARCH for Diabetes in Youth Study Group. Trends in the prevalence of ketoacidosis at diabetes diagnosis: the SEARCH for diabetes in youth study. Pediatrics. 2014 Apr;133(4):e938-45. [PMC free article] [PubMed]

  1. Ya panis M, James S, Craig ME, O'Neal D, Ekinci EI. Complications of Diabetes and Metrics of Glycemic Management Derived From Continuous Glucose Monitoring. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2022 May 17;107(6):e2221-e2236. [PMC free article] [PubMed]
  2. Beck RW, Bergenstal RM, Riddlesworth TD, Kollman C, Li Z, Brown AS, Close KL. Validation of Time in Range as an Outcome Measure for Diabetes Clinical Trials. Diabetes Care. 2019 Mar;42(3):400-405. [PMC free article] [PubMed]
  3. Bergensta l RM, Beck RW, Close KL, Grunberger G, Sacks DB, Kowalski A, Brown AS, Heinemann L, Aleppo G, Ryan DB, Riddlesworth TD, Cefalu WT. Glucose Management Indicator (GMI): A New Term for Estimating A1C From Continuous Glucose Monitoring. Diabetes Care. 2018 Nov;41(11):2275-2280. [PMC free article] [PubMed]
  4. Silver B, Ramaiya K, Andrew SB, Fredrick O, Bajaj S, Kalra S, Charlotte BM, Claudine K,

Makhoba A. EADSG Guidelines: Insulin Therapy in Diabetes. Diabetes Ther. 2018 Apr;9(2):449-492. [PMC free article] [PubMed]

  1. Hirsch IB, Juneja R, Beals JM, Antalis CJ, Wright EE. The Evolution of Insulin and How it Informs Therapy and Treatment Choices. Endocr Rev. 2020 Oct 01;41(5):733-55. [PMC free article] [PubMed].
  2. https://www.www.ayurvedagram.com/ayurveda-treatments/ayurvedic-treatment-for- diabetes.
  3. https://www.webmd.com/diabetes/type-2-diabetes.
  4. Bellou V., Belbasis L., Tzoulaki I., Evangelou E. Risk factors for type 2 diabetes mellitus: An exposure-wide umbrella review of meta-analyses. PLoS ONE. 2018;13:e0194127. doi:

10.1371/journa l.pone.0194127. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]

  1. Carey V.J., Walters E.E., Colditz G.A., Solomon C.G., Willett W.C., Rosner B.A., Speizer F.E., Manson J.E. Body fat distribution and risk of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus in women.

The Nurses’ Health Study. Am. J. Epidemiol. 1997;145:614–619. doi: 10.1093/oxfordjourna ls.aje.a 009158. [PubMed] [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]

  1. Sinha R., Dufour S., Petersen K.F., LeBon V., Enoksson S., Ma Y.Z., Savoye M., Rothman D.L., Shulman G.I., Caprio S. Assessment of skeletal muscle triglyceride content by (1)H nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy in lean and obese adolescents: Relationships to insulin sensitivity, total body fat, and central adiposity. Diabetes. 2002;51:1022–1027. doi:

10.2337/diabetes.51.4.1022. [PubMed] [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]

  1. Hillier T.A., Pedula K.L. Complications in young adults with early-onset type 2 diabetes: Losing the relative protection of youth. Diabetes Care. 2003;26:2999–3005. doi:

10.2337/dia care.26.11.2999. [PubMed] [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]

  1. Weinstein A.R., Sesso H.D., Lee I.M., Cook N.R., Manson J.E., Buring J.E., Gaziano J.M.

Relationship of physical activity vs body mass index with type 2 diabetes in women. JAMA. 2004;292:1188–1194. doi: 10.1001/ja ma.292.10.1188. [PubMed] [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]

  1. Lynch J., Helmrich S.P., Lakka T.A., Kaplan G.A., Cohen R.D., Salonen R., Salonen J.T.

Moderately intense physical activities and high levels of cardiorespiratory fitness reduce the risk of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus in middle-aged men. Arch. Intern. Med. 1996;156:1307–1314. doi: 10.1001/a rchinte.1996.00440110073010. [PubMed] [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]

  1. Venkatasamy V.V., Pericherla S., Manthuruthil S., Mishra S., Hanno R. Effect of Physical activity on Insulin Resistance, Inflammation and Oxidative Stress in Diabetes Mellitus. J. Clin. Diagn. Res. 2013;7:1764–1766. doi: 10.7860/JCDR/2013/6518.3306. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
  2. Strasser B. Physical activity in obesity and metabolic syndrome. Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci.

2013;1281:141–159. doi: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.2012.06785.x. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]

  1. Ross R. Does exercise without weight loss improve insulin sensitivity? Diabetes Care. 2003;26:944–945. doi: 10.2337/dia care.26.3.944. [PubMed] [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
  2. Cerf M.E. Beta cell dysfunction and insulin resistance. Front. Endocrinol. (Lausanne) 2013;4:37. doi: 10.3389/fendo.2013.00037. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
  3. Zheng Y., Ley S.H., Hu F.B. Global aetiology and epidemiology of type 2 diabetes mellitus and its complications. Nat. Rev. Endocrinol. 2018;14:88–98. doi: 10.1038/nrendo.2017.151. [PubMed]

[CrossRef] [Google Scholar]

  1. Bunney P.E., Zink A.N., Holm A.A., Billington C.J., Kotz C.M. Orexin activation counteracts decreases in nonexercise activity thermogenesis (NEAT) caused by high-fat diet. Physiol. Behav. 2017;176:139–148. doi: 10.1016/j.phy sbeh.2017.03.040. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
  2. Fu Z., Gilbert E.R., Liu D. Regulation of insulin synthesis and secretion and pancreatic Beta-cell dysfunction in diabetes. Curr. Diabetes Rev. 2013;9:25–53. doi: 10.2174/157339913804143225. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
  3. https://www.cdc.gov/diabetes/prevention/index.html.
  4. Anyanwagu U, Mamza J, Donnelly R, Idris I. Comparison of cardiovascular and metabolic outcomes in people with type 2 diabetes on insulin versus non-insulin glucose-lowering therapies (GLTs): A systematic review and meta-analysis of clinical trials. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2016; 121: 69-85. [PubMed]
  5. Bolen S, Tseng E, Hutfless S, Segal JB, Suarez-Cuervo C, Berger Z et al. Diabetes Medications for Adults With Type 2 Diabetes: An Update. April, 2016. (AHRQ Comparative Effectiveness Reviews; Volume 173).
  6. Bundesärztekammer (BÄK), Kassenärztliche Bundesvereinigung (KBV), Arbeitsgemeinschaft der Wissenschaftlichen Medizinischen Fachgesellschaften (AWMF). Nationale Versorgungsleitlinie: Therapie des Typ-2-Diabetes (3). AWMF-Registernr.: nvl-001g. December, 2014.
  7. European Medicines Agency (EMA). European Medicines Agency clarifies opinion on pioglitazone and the risk of bladder cancer. October 21, 2011.
  8. Fullerton B, Siebenhofer A, Jeitler K, Horvath K, Semlitsch T, Berghold A et al. Short-acting insulin analogues versus regular human insulin for adult, non-pregnant persons with type 2

diabetes mellitus. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2018; (12):  CD013228. [PMC free article] [PubMed]

  1. Griffin SJ, Leaver JK, Irving GJ. Impact of metformin on cardiovascular disease: a meta- analysis of randomised trials among people with type 2 diabetes. Diabetologia 2017; 60(9): 1620- 1629. [PMC free article] [PubMed]
  2. Kim JY, Yang S, Lee JI, Chang MJ. Cardiovascular Effect of Incretin-Based Therapy in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. PLoS One 2016; 11(4): e0153502. [PMC free article] [PubMed]
  3. Evaluation of acute oral toxicity, embryotoxicity and cytotoxicity of the polar fraction of Parkinsonia aculeata aerial parts extract.
  4. Menezes TM, Gaião WDC, de Almeida Sousa Lima LC, da Silva AKB, Lima LWS, de Souza

Pereira ÁM, da Silva LC, da Silva VL, de Souza Franco E, Paz ST, Maia CS, da Silva TMS, de Sousa Maia MB.

  1. Agrawal RP, Sharma A, Dua AS, Chandershekhar, Kochar DK, Kothari RP. A randomized placebo controlled trial of Inolter (herbal product) in the treatment of type 2 diabetes. Journal of the Association of Physicians of India. 2002;50:391–3. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  2. Dubey GP, Agrawal A, Singh A. Evaluation of Diabecon (D-400) An Indigenous Herbal Preparation, in Diabetes Mellitus. Indian Journal of Internal Medicine. 1993;6:183–6. [Google Scholar]
  3. Elder C, Aickin M, Bauer V, Cairns J, Vuckovic N. Randomized trial of a whole-system ayurvedic protocol for type 2 diabetes. Alternative Therapies in Health and Medicine.

2006;12(5):24–30. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

  1. Hsia SH, Bazargan M, Davidson MB. Effect of Pancreas Tonic (an ayurvedic herbal supplement) in type 2 diabetes mellitus. Metabolism. 2004;53:1166–73. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  2. Mohan V. Evaluation of Diabecon (D-400) as an Antidiabetic Agent - A Double-Blind Placebo- Controlled Trial in NIDDM Patients with Secondary Failure to Oral Drugs. Indian Journal of Clinical Practice. 1998;8(9):18. [Google Scholar]
  3. Poongothai S, Karkuzhali K, Sharadha J, Deepa R, Mohan V. Evaluation of Safety and Efficacy of Hyponidd, an Ayurvedic Compound: A double blind, placebo controlled study in Type 2 Diabetic patients with secondary failure to oral drugs. International Journal of Diabetes in Developing Countries. 2002;22:19–24. [Google Scholar]
  4. Shekhar KC, Achike FI, Kaur G, Kumar P, Hashim R. A preliminary evaluation of the efficacy and safety of Cogent db (an ayurvedic drug) in the glycemic control of patients with type 2- diabetes. Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine. 2002;8:445–57. [see comment] [PubMed] [Google Scholar] References to studies excluded from this review
  5. Agrawal P, Rai V, Singh RB. Randomized placebo-controlled, single blind trial of holy basil leaves in patients with non insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. International Journal of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics. 1996;34:406–9. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  6. Akhtar MS, Naeem F, Muhammad F, Bhatty N. Effect of Butea monosperma (Palas papra) fruit on blood glucose and lipid profiles of normal and diabetic human volunteers. Pharmacology online. 2010;1:614–623. 623. [Google Scholar]
  7. Altschuler JA, Casella SJ, MacKenzie TA, Curtis KM. The effect of cinnamon on A1C among adolescents with type 1 diabetes. Diabetes Care. 2007;30:813–6. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  8. Anderson JW, Allgood LD, Turner J, Oeltgen PR, Daggy BP. Effects of psyllium on glucose and serum lipid responses in men with type  2 diabetes and  hypercholesterolemia. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. 1999;70:466–73. [PubMed] [Google Scholar].
  9. Sanjiv Kumar, kumara Sachi and Nayan Kumar Prasad. Diabetes mellitus and allopathic medication increase the risk of cancer malignancy, but no side effects associated with the use of antidiabetic herbal medicine. Current Research in Diabetes and Obesity Journal.ISSN:2476-1435, 2020; 13(4): 59.
  10. Abhay Jayprakash Gandhi, Jayant Kumar Maji, Dr. Vinay J.Shukla. Ayurvedic and allopathic formulationfor diabetes mellitus: A pharmacoeconomic study. Word Journal of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, 2017; 52.
  11. M. Sujata Kumari, K. Nega Laxmi, T.V.V.N.V.L. Prasanna, K.Swapna, A. Swarna Jyothi. Natural herbs VS Allopathic drugs: To treat diabetes. INDO American Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences.ISSN:2349- 7750., 2016; 3(5): 416-419.
  12. Murugesh Shivshankar, Dhandayuthapani Mani. A brief overview of diabetes. International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Science, 2011; 3(4): 1-24.
  13. Amreen Fatima, Parul Agrawal, Prem Prakash Singh. Herbal option for diabetes: An overview. Asian Pacific journal of Tropical Disease, S538.
  14. Medical Officer (Ay), North Eastern Institute of Ayurveda and Homeopathy (NEIAH), Shillong, India. Diabetes Mellitus: A comparative study as per ayurvedic and modern classics. International Journal of Research in Ayurveda Pharm., 2015; 7(1): 30.
  15. Sonia Verma, Mdhu Gupta, Harvindar Popli and Geeta Aggarwall. Diabetes mellitus treatment using herbaldrugs. International journal of Phytomedicine, 2018; 10(1): 1-3.
  16. Maninder Kaur and Vandana Velecha. Diabetes and antidiabetic herbal formulations: An alternative to allopathy. International Journal of Pharmacognosy, 2014; 2(3): 620-625.
  17. Hira Chaudhari, Manisha Pandey, Chua Kui Hua, Cheah Shi Mun, Jessmie Koh Jing, Lillian Kong, Liang Yee Ern, Nik Ahmad Ashraf, Soohg Wai Kit, Tan Sin Yee, Mallikarjuna Rao Pichika, Bapi Gorain, Prashant Kesharwani. An update on natural compounds in the remedy of diabetes mellitus: A systematic review. Journal of Traditional and Complementary Medicine, 2017; 1(10): 3.
  18. Ripunjoy Bordoloi, Krishna Nayani Dutta. A review on herbs used in the treatment of diabetes mellitus. Journal of Pharmaceutical, Chemical and Biological Sciences, 2014; 2(2): 87

Photo
Angad Bhaskar Newre
Corresponding author

Final year B-pharmacy, SDSPM'S Nandkumar Shinde College of Pharmacy Vaijapur, Chhatrapati Sambhajinagar, Maharashtra.

Photo
Abhay S. Jejurkar
Co-author

Final year B-pharmacy, SDSPM'S Nandkumar Shinde College of Pharmacy Vaijapur, Chhatrapati Sambhajinagar, Maharashtra.

Photo
Akash S. Pagar
Co-author

Final year B-pharmacy, SDSPM'S Nandkumar Shinde College of Pharmacy Vaijapur, Chhatrapati Sambhajinagar, Maharashtra.

Photo
Akshay S. Gavali
Co-author

Final year B-pharmacy, SDSPM'S Nandkumar Shinde College of Pharmacy Vaijapur, Chhatrapati Sambhajinagar, Maharashtra.

Photo
Dr. Rajendra M. Kawde
Co-author

Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar Technological University, Lonere, Raigad, Maharashtra.

Angad Bhaskar Newre*, Abhay S. Jejurkar, Akash S. Pagar, Akshay S. Gavali, Dr. Rajendra M. Kawde, A Comparative Study of Diabetic Treatment – Allopathy vs. Ayurveda, Int. J. in Pharm. Sci., 2023, Vol 1, Issue 11, 152-163. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10073506

More related articles
An Effective Quantitative Gas Chromatography-Head ...
Radharavi K , P.D. Gokulana, K. L. Senthil Kumara, R. Ramyaa, M. ...
A Comprehensive Overview On Nanoemulsion Drug Deli...
Kirankumar D. S., Nagaraja T. S., Yogananda R, Subhan sab, ...
Botanical Innovations in Wound Healing: Exploring ...
Aryama Bose , Raktimava Das Sarkar, ...
A Review On Assessment And Management Of Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome (PCOS) In T...
R. Thrisha, P. Udhaya Kumar , V. S. Rekha, S. Suba Varshini , A. Nivetha , G. Vidhya, ...
A Review On Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus...
Sneha P. S., Sree Lekshmi. R.S, Akhila. S. P., Ancy T. S., Prasobh G. R., ...
Formulation And Evaluation Of Herbal Face Cream By Using Carrot...
V. Loganayaki, M. Subraman, R. Arulkumar, S. Sivakumar, R. Manikandan, N. Vinodhinini, ...
Related Articles
Classification Of Different Antibiotics And Their Adverse Effects And Uses From ...
A. L.T. Kalyani, M.S.V. maha Lakshmi , N.Ahalya , P.Anusha, SD.Seema, T.Maneesha, ...
Review On Bryophyllum Pinnatum ...
Mahendra Siddheshwar Shendkar , Snehal Kothavale , Lahoo Palave, Leena Parkhi, Lalit Ambhore, Snehal...
Ozone And Ozonated Oils In Skin Diseases...
Salunke R. Yashraj, Saurabh R. Kharat , Sham Ganesh Ardad , Nimbalkar Vaibhav , Jadhav Anil B. , ...
Formulation Evaluation & Optimization Of Vildagliptin Sustained Release Tablet...
Abhay Rajesh Sawant, S.D. Barhate, M.M.Bari, Yogesh sonawne, Rima jagnit, Amol chaudhari, ...
An Effective Quantitative Gas Chromatography-Head Space Method Development And V...
Radharavi K , P.D. Gokulana, K. L. Senthil Kumara, R. Ramyaa, M. Karthik, ...
More related articles
An Effective Quantitative Gas Chromatography-Head Space Method Development And V...
Radharavi K , P.D. Gokulana, K. L. Senthil Kumara, R. Ramyaa, M. Karthik, ...
A Comprehensive Overview On Nanoemulsion Drug Delivery System ...
Kirankumar D. S., Nagaraja T. S., Yogananda R, Subhan sab, ...
An Effective Quantitative Gas Chromatography-Head Space Method Development And V...
Radharavi K , P.D. Gokulana, K. L. Senthil Kumara, R. Ramyaa, M. Karthik, ...
A Comprehensive Overview On Nanoemulsion Drug Delivery System ...
Kirankumar D. S., Nagaraja T. S., Yogananda R, Subhan sab, ...