Design and Evalution of Polyherbal Antacid Tablet: A Natural Approach to Gastrointestinal Health

Abstract

Hyperacidity, commonly referred to as acid reflux, is a gastrointestinal condition caused by excessive hydrochloric acid production in the stomach. This condition can lead to discomfort, indigestion, heartburn, and, in some cases, stomach ulcers. The chronic use of conventional antacids may lead to various side effects such as electrolyte imbalances, kidney issues, and altered gut microbiota, which can worsen the patient's condition over time. To address this concern, there is a growing interest in natural alternatives. Ayurveda, with its long history of medicinal practices, offers a potential solution through the use of plant-based ingredients known for their soothing and healing properties on the digestive system. This research aims to develop a polyherbal antacid tablet composed of natural, Ayurvedic ingredients to alleviate the symptoms of hyperacidity, indigestion, and stomach ulcers. The formulation combines herbs traditionally used for their antacid, anti-inflammatory, and digestive benefits. The focus of this study is to formulate a product that not only provides relief from acidity but also ensures a high safety profile, minimizing adverse effects commonly seen with synthetic antacids. The anticipated outcomes of this research include the development of an effective, natural remedy for hyperacidity with minimal side effects. Furthermore, this polyherbal antacid tablet could offer a safer, sustainable alternative to conventional treatments, benefiting individuals suffering from chronic acid reflux and related gastrointestinal disorders. The study underscores the importance of integrating traditional Ayurvedic wisdom with modern pharmaceutical practices for more holistic healthcare solutions.

Keywords

Introduction

Hyperacidity, commonly known as acid reflux or gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), is a prevalent digestive disorder characterized by excessive secretion of hydrochloric acid in the stomach. This overproduction often leads to symptoms such as heartburn, regurgitation, and indigestion, which can interfere with daily activities and overall well-being. While antacids are widely used for immediate symptom relief, their long-term use may result in side effects such as gastrointestinal disturbances, dependency, and impaired nutrient absorption. Given these concerns, exploring safer and more effective treatment options is essential for better management of the condition. In recent years, there has been a growing interest in natural remedies, particularly those rooted in traditional systems of medicine such as Ayurveda. Ayurvedic antacids are formulated from a blend of natural ingredients that not only alleviate symptoms of hyperacidity but also promote overall digestive health. These formulations leverage the therapeutic properties of various herbs known for their ability to soothe the stomach lining, enhance digestion, and support the healing of ulcers Recognizing the limitations of conventional antacids and the potential benefits of Ayurvedic approaches, we propose the development of a polyherbal antacid tablet. This innovative formulation aims to combine the wisdom of traditional herbal medicine with modern scientific principles to create a product that is both effective and safe for long-term use. By utilizing a carefully selected combination of herbs, we aspire to provide a holistic solution that addresses the root causes of hyperacidity while minimizing the risk of adverse effects. This introduction sets the stage for exploring the formulation, benefits, and potential impact of our polyherbal antacid tablet on individuals suffering from hyperacidity and related digestive disorders. Furthermore, the integration of these natural ingredients not only targets the immediate symptoms but also fosters a balanced digestive environment, thereby enhancing overall well-being. As we delve deeper into the formulation process and the specific herbs utilized, it becomes evident that this approach not only aligns with contemporary health trends but also honors the time-tested practices of Ayurvedic medicine, offering a promising avenue for those seeking relief from hyperacidity.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:

Reagent and Apparatus required: Starch, Distilled water, Beaker, Spatula, Glass rod, Tripod stand, Water bath.

Instrument Required: Tablet punching machine, Weighing balance, Hot air oven

Table 1. Herbal Ingredients

Ingredients and their role in reducing the hyperacidity:

1. Starch:

Role: Binder

As a binder, starch helps hold the ingredients of the tablet together, ensuring that the powdery herbal components compress into a cohesive, stable, and uniform tablet. This is important for:

1. Tablet Integrity: Starch provides mechanical strength, preventing the tablet from breaking or crumbling during handling, packaging, and transportation.
2. Uniformity: It ensures even distribution of herbal ingredients in each tablet, contributing to consistent dosage and effectiveness.
3. Disintegration and Absorption: Besides binding, starch also acts as a disintegrant, helping the tablet break apart properly in the stomach to release the active herbal components, allowing for faster relief from acidity.

Fig 01: Starch powder

2. Tulsi Powder:

Role: Tulsi powder helps reduce acidity by balancing stomach pH, stimulating mucus production, and reducing gastric inflammation. Its anti-ulcer properties protect the stomach lining, while its soothing effects aid digestion, preventing acid reflux and promoting overall gut health. 

Fig 02: Tulsi powder

3. Cinnamon Powder:

Role: Cinnamon powder may help alleviate hyperacidity due to its natural carminative, anti-inflammatory, and gastroprotective properties. It aids digestion by stimulating digestive enzymes, reducing gas and bloating, and soothing the stomach lining. Its compounds, such as cinnamaldehyde, can reduce acid formation and inflammation, offering mild relief from acid reflux symptoms. Cinnamon also has an alkalizing effect post-digestion, which may help neutralize stomach acid. While not a conventional antacid, it can serve as a supportive natural remedy for mild hyperacidity. However, it should be used in moderation and not replace prescribed treatments for chronic acid reflux or GERD.

Fig 03: Cinnamon powder

4. Pepper Powder:

Role: Pepper powder, particularly black pepper, acts as a natural antacid by stimulating the production of hydrochloric acid in the stomach, which aids digestion and prevents acid reflux. Its active compound, piperine enhances enzyme activity and promotes better absorption of nutrients. This helps maintain a healthy digestive tract and reduces the chances of bloating and indigestion. Additionally, pepper has carminative properties that help relieve gas and flatulence. When used in moderation, it supports a balanced pH level in the stomach. However, excessive consumption may irritate the stomach lining, so it's best used as a mild, natural remedy for acidity.

Fig 04: Pepper powder

5. Amla Powder:

Role: Amla powder, derived from the Indian gooseberry, is highly beneficial for managing hyperacidity. Rich in vitamin C and antioxidants, it helps neutralize excess stomach acid, reducing acid reflux and heartburn. Its natural cooling properties soothe the stomach lining, preventing irritation and inflammation. Amla also promotes healthy digestion by enhancing gut motility and reducing constipation, which often contributes to acidity. Its alkaline nature helps balance the body's pH levels, offering long-term relief from acid-related discomfort. Regular consumption of amla powder, especially on an empty stomach with water or honey, can effectively support gastrointestinal health and alleviate symptoms of hyperacidity naturally.

Fig 05: Amla powder

6. Ginger Powder:

Role: Ginger powder plays a significant role in managing hyperacidity due to its natural digestive and anti-inflammatory properties. It helps neutralize stomach acid, reducing symptoms like heartburn and bloating. Ginger enhances the movement of food through the digestive tract, preventing acid buildup and reflux. Its compounds, such as gingerol and shogaol, soothe the stomach lining and reduce inflammation, offering relief from irritation caused by excess acid. Ginger powder also helps control nausea and supports the production of digestive enzymes, promoting overall gut health. Consumed in small amounts, ginger powder is an effective natural remedy for relieving and preventing hyperacidity symptoms.

Fig 06: Ginger powder

7. Cardamom Powder:

Role: Cardamom powder offers several benefits for managing hyperacidity. It has natural cooling properties that help soothe the stomach lining and reduce acid reflux. Rich in antioxidants, cardamom aids digestion and prevents the buildup of gastric acids. Its carminative nature helps relieve bloating, gas, and indigestion—common symptoms of hyperacidity. Cardamom also stimulates the production of saliva, which helps neutralize stomach acids. Drinking warm water with a pinch of cardamom powder can provide quick relief. Additionally, its anti-inflammatory compounds reduce irritation in the gastrointestinal tract, making it a gentle and effective natural remedy for those suffering from acid-related discomfort.

Fig 07: Cardamom powder

8. Clove Powder:

Role: Clove powder plays a beneficial role in reducing hyperacidity due to its natural carminative and alkalizing properties. It stimulates the secretion of digestive enzymes, which enhances digestion and prevents the buildup of excess acid in the stomach. Eugenol, the primary compound in cloves, has anti-inflammatory and soothing effects on the stomach lining, reducing irritation and discomfort caused by acid reflux. Additionally, clove powder helps relax the lower esophageal sphincter, preventing acid from rising into the esophagus. Regular, moderate consumption of clove powder can thus aid in managing symptoms of hyperacidity and promote better gastrointestinal health naturally.

Fig 08: Clove powder

9. Ajwain Powder:

Role: Ajwain powder, derived from the seeds of the plant, plays a beneficial role in managing hyperacidity. It possesses natural carminative and antacid properties, which help in reducing excessive stomach acid and relieving symptoms like heartburn, bloating, and indigestion. Thymol, a key active compound in ajwain, stimulates gastric juice production, promoting better digestion and preventing acid build-up. Ajwain also relaxes the stomach muscles, reducing spasms and discomfort associated with acid reflux. Traditionally, ajwain powder mixed with warm water or a pinch of salt is used as a home remedy for quick relief from acidity. Its anti-inflammatory effects further soothe the stomach lining, protecting it from irritation caused by excess acid. Regular but moderate use of ajwain powder can help maintain digestive balance and reduce the frequency of acid-related issues. However, excessive intake should be avoided, and individuals with chronic conditions should consult a healthcare provider before use.

Method for formulation:

Procedure for Formulating Herbal Antacid Tablet:

• Weigh 5 grams of starch powder accurately.
• Dissolve the weighed starch powder in 100 ml of distilled water in a clean beaker.
• Divide the starch solution into two equal portions.
• Heat one portion of the solution until its volume is reduced to 50% by evaporation.
• Add the unheated portion of the starch solution to the concentrated (reduced) portion and mix well.
• This mixture now serves as a 5% starch paste, which will be used as a binder for the tablet formulation.
• To the pre-weighed quantity of herbal active pharmaceutical ingredient (API), add the starch paste gradually with continuous mixing until a dough-like consistency is achieved.
• Pass the prepared dough through sieve number 10 to obtain uniform granules.
• Dry the granules either under sunlight or using a hot air oven until completely dry granules are obtained.
• Pass the dried granules from sieve no. 40 to obtain fine particles.
• Tablet punching is done.

Evaluation of Herbal Ingredients:

Table 2: Evaluation of Herbal Ingredients

Formulated Tablet

Fig 09: Formulated Herbal Antacid Tablet

Evaluation of Polyherbal Tablet:

Table 3: Evaluation of Polyherbal Tablet

RESULT AND DISCUSSION:

The absence of established quality control profiles makes it difficult for Ayurveda and its formulations, including polyherbal formulations, to be accepted. The composition of the finished product, or the quality of herbal medicine, affects both safety and efficacy. Thus, a key topic of debate for the industrial sector and other organizations that deal with ayurveda and herbal goods is the quality evaluation of herbs and herbal preparation. The majority of ayurvedic formulations are now questioned due to unclear quality control requirements. As of January 1, 2003, ayurvedic formulation must comply with FDA quality assurance and GMP requirements. Herbal medicine used for self-medication is very common. Self-medication using herbal remedies gives the patient psychological comfort or a sense of control. Due to the comparatively low risk of adverse effects, patients with chronic illnesses including eczema, arthritis, acidity, etc., choose herbal alternatives. Ayurvedic medicine has a variety of disadvantages, including a lack of well-designed clinical trials providing sufficient proof of efficacy and activity. The FDA developed an in-vitro test to evaluate an antacid product's ability to neutralize acid. Regarding the antacid's maximal buffering capacity, commencement of action, and acid neutralizing capability, in-vitro testing may be a viable option to in-vivo testing.

In the present investigation both the parameters: Acid neutralizing capacity (ANC) and buffering capacity (BC) have been employed to determine antacid activity. These polyherbal formulation is expected to have many more applications then once discussed in the report.

Acid neutralizing capacity of the formulation was found to be 27 Meq

CONCLUSION:

This research successfully formulated a polyherbal antacid tablet using traditional Ayurvedic ingredients like Tulsi, Cinnamon, and Amla, aiming to provide a natural alternative to conventional antacids. The formulated tablet demonstrated a significant acid-neutralizing capacity of 27 Meq and a disintegration time of 7 minutes 20 seconds. Evaluation parameters such as hardness and friability were also within acceptable limits. This study suggests that this polyherbal formulation holds promise as an effective and potentially safer option for managing hyperacidity, aligning traditional Ayurvedic knowledge with modern pharmaceutical practices. Further in-vivo studies are warranted to validate its efficacy and safety in human subjects.

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