To Formulation and Evaluation of Herbal Lipstick

People from all cultures and eras have adorned their lips with lipstick, a classic cosmetic accessory.  Lip cosmetics have a long history dating back to ancient civilizations, when many societies adopted the practice of lip coloring for aesthetic, religious, or symbolic purposes.  The ongoing appeal of lip enhancement is confirmed by archeological discoveries, such as the remains of lip paint pots discovered in ancient Egyptian tombs. [1] The commercialization of lipsticks in the early 20th century marked a turning point in the cosmetics business.  The market was dominated by traditional lip cosmetics, which were frequently made of natural substances like beeswax, plant extracts, and pigments derived from plants or minerals. According to Justice (2021), cosmetics are products that are "supposed to be rubbed, poured, sprinkled, or sprayed on or implemented to the human frame or any element thereof for cleansing, beautifying, selling attractiveness, or changing the appearance." These formulations have their roots in simplicity and nature.  One type of cosmetic is lipstick, which is waxy and stained with various pigments to color the lips.  Since modern lip care products not only emphasize the cosmetic value of lipsticks but also their ability to provide protection against bacterial lip infections, wearing lipstick can have both aesthetic and therapeutic benefits.  Due to rising consumption, lipstick makes up a large portion of the market.  There are two types of lipsticks: synthetic and natural.Products that are detrimental to the user are present in synthetic lipsticks.  Heavy metals are present in the pigments employed; for example, lipsticks contain lead to preserve the color intensity of the dyes or pigments.  These items ultimately result in lip irritation.  In commercial cosmetic formulations, botanical extracts that promote the integrity, texture, and health of skin and hair are frequently utilized.  Although the name "cosmeceutical" is relatively new, the plant components from which these extracts are made have a long history of traditional use.  The majority of the time, efficacy and safety data reported in scientific literature provide sufficient backing for these cosmetic uses.

Role of Ingredients:

1. Bees wax

1. Beeswax used as thickening agent.

2. Bees wax used as emulsifying agent.

3. Bees wax is used as stiffening agents in cosmetics.

4. Bees wax is used in lip balm, lip gloss and some other cosmetic products.

2.Liquid Paraffin:

1. Liquid Paraffin is used to moisturizing the lip.

2. Liquid Paraffin is an emollient.

3. It is a substance that softens or soothes the skin.

4. It works by preventing water loss from the outer layer of skin.

3. Coconut oil

1. Coconut oil is act as a moisturizing agent.

2. It relief from crack and chapped lips.

3. It is promoting wound healing.

4. It is contain antibacterial, antifungal, and antiviral properties.

4. Beetroot Powder

1. Beetroot is used to provide the skin with an abundance of nutrients.

2. Beet root powder can be used in lip balm/lip gloss recipes to naturally color them pink/red.

3. Beetroot is used for lightening, softening and antioxidant for lips.

5. Rose Essence:

1. It can help cleanse skin and prevent blemishes.

2. Clean and fight infection.

3. Improve the appearance of lip and act as a colouring agent.

6.Castor Oil:

1. As a base oil, providing both moisturizing and viscosity-enhancing properties.

2. It helps to prevent smearing and enhance

7.Lemon Juice:

1.Potential for Brighter Appearance:

2.Fresh Scent:

3.Antioxidant Properties:

4.Preservation

Ideal Characteristics of Herbal Lipsticks:

Non-irritating and non-toxic: They should not result in any negative responses and be safe to apply to the lips.

Stable: They shouldn't decay or change color while being stored.

Smooth Application: They shouldn't be drying or grainy; they should apply evenly and smoothly.

Long-lasting Color: They need to provide a vivid, long-lasting color that doesn't smudge or fade.

Pleasant Taste and Aroma:They should improve the user experience overall by having a pleasing flavor and scent.  It should leave a thin layer on the lips and be easy to apply and smooth.  It must be non-toxic and non-irritating.  It should have remarkable luster, color, wetness, and wear.  There should be no grittines in it.  It ought to possess the necessary flexibility.  Both internally and externally, it should be harmless.

Benefits of Herbal Lipsticks:

Reduced Risk of Side Effects:  Herbal lipsticks reduce the possibility of allergies, skin irritation, and other negative consequences linked to synthetic components by utilizing natural pigments and oils.

Natural Moisturizing Properties: Beeswax, oils, and extracts are among the ingredients that help hydrate and nourish the lips, keeping them supple and soft.

Natural Colorants: Natural sources such as beetroot, turmeric, and cocoa can provide brilliant and safe substitutes for synthetic dyes in the form of red, purple, and other colors.

Sustainable Choice: The demand for natural and environmentally friendly cosmetics is in line with herbal lipsticks.

Objective :

Natural Benefits: Utilizing the benefits of natural ingredients for lip care is the goal of herbal lipsticks.  For instance, oils like castor or coconut oil offer moisture and nourishment, while beeswax offers a protective and moisturizing coating.

Reduced Side Effects: Herbal lipsticks reduce the possibility of allergies, irritation, and other negative reactions that can be linked to synthetic formulations by excluding artificial chemicals, colors, and perfumes.

Sustainable and Ethical: By lowering the environmental effect and guaranteeing a more thoughtful approach to beauty, the use of natural, plant-based components is in line with consumers' growing desire for ethical and ecological beauty products.

Color and Texture: Although natural ingredients are the main focus, herbal lipsticks also try to offer a variety of hues and textures, giving beauty lovers a flexible choice. One of the waxes frequently utilized in lipstick composition is beeswax.  It is a naturally occurring substance that is derived from bees and is used in many cosmetic products.  Its natural components have qualities including assisting in the skin's moisture retention, which makes it beneficial for dry and chapped lips.  Furthermore, beeswax was found to have antimicrobial properties and to be useful in reducing inflammatory pain in a study. According to a different study, beeswax, which is high in vitamin A, helps shield the skin from UV rays, promotes wound healing, increases skin cell turnover, and minimizes wrinkles.  Natural plant oils, such as those from Ricinus communis and Olea europaea, are also known to affect the formulation goods' sensory qualities.  Because they encourage hydrated lips, their biological qualities are thought to be crucial in lipsticks.

Types of Lipstick

Lipstick comes in various types and finishes, catering to different preferences and needs. Here are some common types of lipstick:

1. Matte Lipstick: The finish of matte lipsticks is flat and non-shiny.  They are renowned for their long-lasting formula and provide a vibrant color payoff.  Because matte lipsticks can be drying at times, it's best to hydrate your lips before using them.

2. Satin Lipstick:The finish of satin lipsticks is semi-matte and silky.  They offer a balance between moisture and color payoff, and they feel comfortable on the lips.

3. Glossy Lipstick: The high-shine finish of glossy lipsticks gives the lips a glossy, moist appearance.  They can provide the appearance of larger lips and are typically moisturizing.  The color payoff of glossy lipsticks is frequently more sheer or semi-opaque.

5. Liquid Lipstick: Liquid lipsticks are liquids that often dry to a satin or matte finish.  They offer long-lasting wear, a strong color payoff, and frequently a formula that is resistant to smudging or transfer.

6. Moisturizing Lipstick:Because they keep lips supple and smooth, moisturizing lipsticks are advised for those with dry lips.  Aloe, glycerin, and vitamin E are some of the ingredients that give these lipsticks their hydrating qualities.  Using hydrating lipsticks also has the delightful side effect of leaving lips wonderfully shiny and wet.

7.Cream Lipstick:Cream lipsticks should be worn by women with thin lips.  Although it isn't shiny, lipstick with a cream texture makes the lips feel smooth.

8.  Pearl and Frosted Lipstick: Buttercream-covered lips shine and sparkle.  Lipsticks that are frosted or pearlized reflect light and make your lips look incredibly shiny.

9.  Long Wearing and Transfer resistant Lipstick: For women who don't have the time to apply lipstick frequently, long-wearing lipstick is an option.  These lipsticks' formula maintains gorgeous lips for up to four and a half hours.

Advantages of Herbal Lipstick

1.The use of natural substances in the formulation of herbal lipstick lowers the possibility of negative responses and side effects.

 2. Nourishing and hydrating: Herbal lipstick can improve the health and look of the lips by nourishing and hydrating them. 

3. Antioxidant Qualities: Herbal lipstick may provide antioxidant qualities that shield the lips from harm and environmental stressors. 

4. Calming and Soothing: Herbal lipstick can reduce inflammation and irritation while also calming and soothing the lips.

Disadvantages of Herbal Lipstick

1. All of the natural lipstick's ingredients are safe to use. 

2. They also have organic nutrients that maintain healthy lips. 

3. Their impacts are less or one-dimensional.

 4. They are used to treat lip leucoderma and are non-toxic, highly lipophilic, antioxidants, anti-microbials, and anti-inflammatory.

5. A wide variety of colors to select from.

 6. These hues can be combined to create a variety of tones.

Marketed Preparation of Herbal Lipstick:

Here are some marketed preparations of herbal lipsticks:

Some specific products include :

1. Beetroot Lipstick: Contains beetroot extract, which gives it a natural red hue and hydrating qualities. 

2. Rose Petal Lipstick: Gets its color and antioxidant qualities from the anthocyanin found in rose petals. 

3. Natural Edible Colors Herbal Lipstick: Contains natural components including olive oil, coconut oil, and beeswax. 

4. Beta Vulgaris Lipstick: Contains antioxidant and hydrating properties and is made from beetroot extract.

Mechanism of lipstick:

The natural components that give lips color, hydration, and protection are the main components of herbal lipstick's mode of action.  Despite being cosmetic, the effects of herbal lipsticks can be deconstructed according to how their bioactive ingredients work:

 1. Hydration and Recovery  Shea butter, cocoa butter, or beeswax: Create a barrier that keeps moisture in and keeps lips from drying out.  Aloe vera: Promotes the healing of small cuts or chapping and soothes sore lips.

2. Coloring  Natural pigments derived from plants such as saffron, beetroot, turmeric, or hibiscus: Give lips color without the use of artificial dyes.  Additionally, these pigments might possess modest antibacterial and antioxidant qualities. 

3. The effects of antioxidants and anti-inflammatory  Antioxidant-rich herbs that shield lip skin against oxidative stress and environmental harm include tulsi, neem, and green tea extract.  Both sandalwood and turmeric have antibacterial and anti-inflammatory properties that lower the incidence of lip infections. 

4. Sun Protection: Certain herbal lipsticks have natural SPF ingredients that shield the skin from UV radiation, such as zinc oxide, carrot seed oil, or raspberry seed oil. 

5. Better Texture of the Lips  Essential oils (such as coconut, almond, or jojoba oil) and vitamin E: May promote cell regeneration and soften lips.

Plant profile

1.Beeswax

Biological source: The honeycomb of the honeybee and other bees is used to make this product.

Family: Apidae

Fig 2: Beeswax

An effective substance for binding oils and waxes with a higher melting point.  Higher concentrations give the stick a waxy, dull look and make it crumble when applied. Beeswax is a common and traditional lipstick stiffening ingredient.  Between 62 and 64 degrees Celsius is the melting point.  Only wax is used because lipstick lacks gloss and tends to smudge when applied.  The material that gives a honeycomb its structure is bee wax.  These waxes create honeycomb to preserve their honey by turning nector into wax.  A pound of honey product is equivalent to a pound of wax.  It may be distilled to create fragrance and smells like honey.

2.Castor oil

Biological source: - It is a non-volatile fatty oil that is extracted from the seeds of the Ricinus communis castor bean.

Table 3: Taxonomy of Castor oil

Fig 3 : Castor oil

It may also be helpful to know that you probably already use it.  Castor oil is frequently added to lipstick, moisturizer, shampoo, the Balm Dotcom, and other products to give gentle hydration without causing negative side effects.

3. Coconut Oil:

Biological source: - It is the oil that is extracted from the solid, dried endosperm of the coconut (Cocos nucifera).

Fig 4: Coconut oil

Because of its small molecules, which are nearly as small as those of essential oils, coconut oil may easily permeate the skin whether used cosmetically or topically. This makes it possible for essential oils to be easily absorbed into the skin when coupled with coconut oil.  Coconut oil provides great emollience to dry, itchy skin and hair without clogging pores, making it perfect for sensitive, irritated, and inflamed skin.  By supplying hydration, it forms a barrier of defense on the skin's surface, retaining moisture to soothe, lubricate, and cool skin, including that of people with psoriasis, warts, and athlete's foot.It effectively soothes sunburn and blisters , remove dead skin , and promotes the growth of newer , healthier skin for a glowing complexion

4.Beetroot:

Biological Source: It consists of fresh root of Beta vulgaris

Fig 5: Beetroot powder

Because of its natural color and health benefits, beetroot (scientific name: Beta vulgaris) is frequently utilized in the composition of herbal lipstick.  Here is a thorough explanation of its function:

 1. Natural Colorant

2. Antioxidant Properties

3. Moisturizing Effect

4. Healing and Soothing

5. Skin Friendly

5.Rose essence

Biological source:The petals of several rose species, most notably Rosa damascena and Rosa centifolia, are used to make rose essence, sometimes referred to as rose oil or attar of roses.

Fig 6: Rose essence

The essential oil that is derived from the petals of different kinds of roses is called rose oil.  Steam distillation is used to extract rose ottos, whereas solvent extraction is used to obtain rose absolute, which is more frequently employed in perfumery.  Rose oils are still arguably the most popular essential oil in perfumery, despite their high cost and the development of organic synthesis.  However, beta-damascenone, beta-damascone, beta-ionone, and rose oxide are the main flavoring chemicals that give rose oil its unique aroma. The quantity and presence of beta-damascenone are thought to be indicators of rose oil quality.

6.Lemon juice

Biological sources:The endocarp, or inner, fleshy portion, of the lemon fruit (Citrus limon) is where lemon juice is made.

Fig 7: Lemon juice

We all want lips that are soft and pink.  It not only makes you look better, but it also indicates that your lips are healthy.  In addition to being unpleasant, chapped lips can occasionally result in bleeding.  Many people worry about chapped or darkly pigmented lips, but there are easy ways to lighten, soften, and pinken them.

MATERIAL AND METHOD:

Several ingredients are utilized in the making of herbal lipstick.  These include castor oil, coconut oil, lemon juice, rose essence, beetroot powder, beeswax, and paraffine wax.  Every ingredient is gathered from the market.  All of the ingredients that have been gathered are identified in my project guide.  Nikum Ratna D.

Formulation Of Herbal Lipstick:

The formulation of herbal lipstick are as follows:

Table 9: Herbs and their quality

Formulation Of Herbal Lipstick:

1. Getting the Wax Phase Ready: Melting: Melt waxes such as candelilla, carnauba, or beeswax at a particular temperature (e.g., 70°C) in a water bath or double boiler. Adding Oils: To ensure a uniform mixture, gradually add oils such as coconut, almond, or olive oil to the melted wax phase. 

2. Oil Phase Preparation: Melting: Heat oils in a different container while including essence (such as rose essence) and coloring pigments until a uniform combination is obtained. 

3. Blending the Stages: Mixing: To ensure a seamless blend, carefully combine the oil and melted wax phases at the same temperature.  Cooling: Add any leftover essential oils or perfumes after letting the mixture cool, usually to about 40°C.

4. Solidification and Casting:  Pouring: Fill lipstick molds with the melted mixture. Cooling and Solidification: Either leave the mixture at room temperature or place it in a refrigerator to cool and solidify in the mold. Packaging and Removal: After the lipstick has solidified, take it out of the mold and place it into a lipstick case. Method:

1. Melt oil and waxes  First, all waxes and oils should be melted.

2. Add Color and Fragrance: Beetroot powder was used as a coloring agent, and rose essence was added as a fragrance.

3.Combine phase: The addition of the wax and melting oil phases

4. Remove and finish: To get rid of mold, remove the lipstick once it has set.

Evaluation of Lipstick :

Maintaining a consistent standard for herbal lipstick is crucial, so the formulations of herbal lipsticks were assessed based on factors including melting and breaking points, application force, and surface irregularities, among others.

 1) The melting point  Finding the melting point is crucial since it shows the upper limit of safe storage.  The capillary tube method was used to determine the melting point of the formulated lipstick. The capillary was filled and kept in the capillary apparatus, and it was initially noted that the product was gradually melting.  The product was occasionally seen to be fully melted.  The melting point ratio was noted in each formulation after the aforementioned process was completed three times.

2) The tipping point  To ascertain the lipstick's strength, the breaking point was measured.  the assistance.  Lipstick was held horizontally in a socket inch from the edge at precise intervals of 30 seconds, and the weight at which it broke was regarded as the breaking point. The weight was progressively increased by a predetermined value.

3) Application force  This test is used to measure the force that will be applied in a comparable manner.  A 1 square inch area was covered completely with lipstick applied at a 45-degree angle on a piece of coarse brown paper that was held on a shadow graph balance.  The force of application is indicated by the pressure readout.

4) Anomalies on the surface  This was examined for surface flaws like the absence of crystal formation on surfaces and the absence of mold, fungal, and other contaminants. 

5) Aging stability: For one hour, the product was kept at 40ºC.  Numerous factors were noted, including bleeding, surface crystallization, and application ease. 

6) Test of solubility  To test the formulation's solubility, herbal lipstick was dissolved in a range of solvents. 

7) The pH scale  A pH meter was used to measure the herbal lipstick's pH.  Test for skin irritation Applying a product to the skin for ten minutes is how it is done. 

8) The stability of perfumes  After 30 days, the herbal lipstick mixture was tested to determine its scent.  9) Irrition of the Skin

Table 10: Evaluation Parameters of Herbal Lipstick

Table 11:Evaluation Parameters of Herbal Lipstick

RESULT AND DISCUSSIONS:

The preparation of herbal lipstick using ingredients was evaluate d for the following parameters and the result are as follows.

Table No 13. Evaluation Parameters Of Herbal Lipstick

Table No 14. Evaluation Parameters Of Herbal Lipstick