To study Extraction Methods, and Evaluation of Powder from Aloe Barbadensis mucilage

Drugs are transformed into an appropriate dose form with the use of several excipient types. Excipients were before used to build dosage forms as diluents and inert vehicles, but nowadays pharmaceutical dosage forms, they frequently serve a variety of multiple functions. Pharmaceutical assistance in medication formulations helps to alter the release of the drug, increase patient acceptance, ensure ease of manufacturing, bioavailability of the active pharmaceutical ingredient and improve dosage form stability. New, improved, and modified excipients are constantly being created to fulfill the demands of sophisticated drug delivery systems. Natural materials are becoming more and more popular since they are affordable, non-toxic, stable, readily available, and free from regulatory problems. They are also eco-friendly, able to undergo many chemical alterations, degradable, and compatible because of their natural origin. For human nourishment and well-being, plants have always been crucial. Plant derived substances that are Biodegradable, Physiologicaly active and Biocompatible.Also this are nontoxic, environment friendly and have drawn more and more attention in recent years. Additionally, there has been a stronger focus on discovering affordable and sustainable sources of plant-based product.

In plants, "mucilage" is the term for substances that are soluble in water, or at least significantly swell in it, and that precipitate into a roughly amorphous or granular mass when alcohol is added. Mucilages are primarily used as additives in Pharmaceutical in different dosage forms for a broad range of purposes, such as binding, thickening, and dissolving ingredient in biphasic liquid. They are also used as an emulsifying and suspending agent, gelling and stabilizing compounds. Mucilages, gums, and glucans are examples of polysaccharide hydrocolloids that occur frequently in nature and can be present in many higher plants.

AIM

“To study Extraction Methods, and Evaluation of Powder from Aloe Barbadensis mucilage”.

OBJECTIVES

1. Aim of the project is to study and extract the mucilage from Aloe plant.
2. To describe the how Aloe barbadensis miller mucilage has been used as binder in tablet preparation.
3. Increase your understanding of chemical composition of Aloe plant and how to they are extracted for pharmacological use.
4. To discuss how Aloe barbadensis Miller mucilage can used in Tablet as binder.
5. To discuss how the extract is obtained from Aloe barbadensis Miller plant and used for treatment of diseases.
6. To study swelling, hydration and film-forming properties of Aloe barbadensis Miller extract.
7. To study compatibility of extract with other excipients.

PLANT PROFILE

Common Names: Aloe

Scientific Name: Aloe Barbadensis Miller   

Family: Liliaceae       

Biological source: Aloe is the dried juice collected by incision, from the bases of the leaves of various species of Aloe. Aloe perryi Baker, Aloe vera Linn or Aloe barbadensis Mil and Aloe ferox Miller.

Geographical source:           

Aloes are indigenous to East and South Africa, but have been introduced into the West Indies and into tropical countries, and will even flourish in the countries bordering on the Mediterranean.

Synonyms:

Aloe, Musabbar, Lolesera (in kannada)

Geographical source:
Aloes are indigenous to East and South Africa, but have been introduced into the West Indies and into tropical countries, and will indeed flourish in the countries skirting on the Mediterranean.
Chemical ingredients:

The most important ingredients of Aloes are the three isomers of Aloins, Barbaloin, β-barboloin and Isobarbaloin, which constitute the so- called ‘liquid’ Aloin, present in the medicine at from 10 to 30. Other ingredients are amor- phous Aloin, resin, emodin and Aloe- emodin. Barbaloin is present in all the kinds; it's slightly unheroic coloured, bitter, water answerable, liquid glycoside. Isobarbaloin is a liquid substance, present in Curacao aloe and in trace quantum in Cape aloe and absent in Socotrine and Zanzibar aloe. The principal ingredients of Socotrine and Zanzibar aloe are Barbaloin and β-Barbaloin.

EXRACTION PROCESS

A desired substance is extracted from a mixture, typically with the use of a solvent or mechanical methods. It describes the procedure of separating bioactive substances, including mucilage, from plant components in the context of natural chemicals. Mucilage from Aloe barbadensis Miller is extracted by removing this gelatinous material from the aloe leaves using particular methods designed to maintain its integrity and bioactivity.

General Extraction Process of Mucilage from Opuntia Ficus-Indica

Different methods have been used for the extraction of mucilage powder:

1. Hot Water Extraction Process
2. Cold Water Extraction Process
3. Ultra-sonic Extraction process
4. By keeping overnight

      5. By using Ethanol

EVALUATION

1. The Organoleptic Properties of Aloe Vera powder.

The following organoleptic properties of the plant materials were assessed: physical appearance, odor and taste. For these samples of Aloe Vera extracts were inspected and assessed using the natural senses (e.g. eyes, nose, mouth).

2. Physical properties

a) Determination of The Solubility of Extract

All drugs, by whatever out they are administered, must exhibit at least limited aqueous solubility for therapeutic efficiency. The transfer of molecules or ions from a solid state in to solution is known as dissolution.

b) Determination of The Density of Extract

Preformulation parameters like bulk density, tapped density and carr’s index, were obtained. A known quantity of powder was poured into the measuring cylinder carefully level the powder without compacting, if necessary and read the unsettled apparent volume, Vo, to the nearest graduated unit as shown in Table 3. Calculate the bulk density, in gm per ml, by the formula:

Bulk density = Bulk Mass/ Bulk Volume

Carr’s compressibility index

Carr’s index (%) = (Tapped density – Poured density) / Tapped density

Carr’s Index of Powder Flowability.

c) Determination of The Flowability of Extract Powder

The angle of repose(θ) is another important parameter that can be used to describe the flowability of a powder. In the present study a Special apparatus was used for the test. The apparatus consisted of a glass cylinder kept in the center of the plate, a plate with scale and a ruler for measuring the height of powder mound. and angle of repose then calculated using the following equation:

tan θ=h/r.

where θ: Angle of repose h: height of the conical mound r: radius of the conical mound.

3.  Chemical properties

Chemical tests:

TEST FOR CARBOHYDRATES

TEST FOR STERIODS

TEST FOR ALKALOIDS

TEST FOR TANIN

TEST FOR FLAVANOIDS

RESULT & DISCUSSION

Extraction:

We had studied six methods for extraction of aloe vera mucilage. And we got the maximum yield in hot water extraction process. The mucilage powder of aloe vera can be use in pharmaceutical preparations.

Evaluation:

Evaluation studies of powder gave idea about organoleptic & physiochemical properties. Powder contains nutrients and some chemical constituents.

Pharmaceutical application:

Aloe vera mucilage powder used as a dry binder, instead of starch paste in tablet formulation.

Tablet Formulation Ingredients