Hari college of pharmacy Saharanpur India.
Periodontitis is a chronic inflammatory disease affecting the supporting structures of teeth. Conventional treatment includes mechanical debridement and adjunctive antimicrobial therapy. This study aimed to formulate and evaluate a herbal dental gel containing clove (Syzygium aromaticum), known for its antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory properties, as an alternative or adjunctive therapy for periodontitis.
Periodontitis is a common oral disease characterized by inflammation and destruction of the periodontium. The condition, if untreated, can lead to tooth loss. Traditional therapies have limitations including patient compliance, microbial resistance, and adverse effects. Herbal formulations offer a promising alternative due to their natural origin, lower side effects, and multifunctional benefits. Clove, derived from the flower buds of Syzygium aromaticum, possesses eugenol, a compound with proven antimicrobial, analgesic, and anti-inflammatory effects. This study focuses on developing a clove-based dental gel and evaluating its physicochemical properties and therapeutic potential against periodontitis.
2. MATERIALS AND METHODS
2.1 MATERIALS
2.2 Formulation of Dental Gel
The gel was formulated by dispersing Carbopol 934 in distilled water with continuous stirring. Glycerin and propylene glycol were added as moisturizers. Clove oil was incorporated with gentle mixing. The pH was adjusted using triethanolamine. The final gel was stored in airtight containers.
|
Ingredient |
Quantity (%) |
|
Clove Oil |
1.0 |
|
Carbopol 934 |
1.0 |
|
Glycerin |
5.0 |
|
Propylene Glycol |
10.0 |
|
Methylparaben |
0.2 |
|
Triethanolamine |
q.s. (to pH 6.8–7) |
|
Distilled Water |
q.s. to 100 |
2.3 Evaluation Parameters
3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
3.1 Physical Characteristics
The prepared gel was light brown, homogeneous, with no phase separation, and had a pleasant clove odor.
3.2 pH and Viscosity
The gel exhibited a pH of 6.9 ± 0.1, ideal for oral application. Viscosity was found to be 28,000–30,000 cps, indicating suitable consistency.
3.3 Spreadability
The gel showed good spreadability (6.5 g·cm/sec), facilitating easy application on the gingival surface.
3.4 Drug Content
Clove oil content was uniform (98.2% ± 1.3), confirming adequate dispersion and mixing.
3.5 Antimicrobial Activity
Zone of inhibition tests demonstrated significant antimicrobial activity against P. gingivalis (18 mm) and F. nucleatum (16 mm), comparable to chlorhexidine.
3.6 In Vitro Drug Release
Cumulative release of eugenol showed a controlled pattern over 6 hours, indicating sustained activity.
3.7 Stability
The formulation was stable over 90 days with no changes in pH, color, or microbial growth under accelerated storage conditions.
4. CONCLUSION
The clove-based dental gel demonstrated excellent physicochemical properties, antimicrobial activity, and stability. Its natural origin and effective action suggest it as a promising alternative or adjunctive treatment for periodontitis. Further in vivo and clinical studies are recommended to confirm its therapeutic efficacy.
REFERENCES
Kamal*, Meenu Sharma, Dr. Kshitij Agarwal, Formulation, Development, and Evaluation of a Dental Gel Containing Clove (Syzygium aromaticum) for the Treatment of Periodontitis: A Review, Int. J. of Pharm. Sci., 2025, Vol 3, Issue 6, 2745-2747. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15702918
10.5281/zenodo.15702918
