Formulation and Evaluation of Rice Starch Face Cream

According to D and C Act Cosmetics is defined as the means any article intended to be rubbed, poured, sprinkled or sprayed or introduced into or otherwise applied to the human body or a part there for cleansing, beautifying, promoting attractiveness, or altering the appearance and including the use of cosmetics. Cosmetics are regulated under the Drug and Cosmetic Act 1940 and its rules 1945 and the laboring declaration by BUREAU OF INDIAN STANDARDS (BIS).

 Cream definition:- Creams are defined as “a semisolid dosage form containing on more drug substances dissolved or dispersed in a suitable bases intended for external application to the skin or mucous membrane.

They are semisolids usually consisting of solutions or dispersion of one or more medicaments in a suitable bases. Cosmetics are crafted utilizing hydrophilic or hydrophobic bases to ensure compatibility with the skins natural secreations. The urge in demand for herbal cosmetics can be attributed to the introduction of novel ingredients, promising lucrative financial incentives for those who successfully develop products while upholding stringent quality standards. These cosmetics, applied externally on the body, including face creams renowned for their softening and cleansing properties. Notably, the Ayurvedic medicinal tradition stands out as a significant proponent, therapeutic potential of herbal plants and extracts for managing diverse disease states.      Cosmetics are the prducts applying on the body. Face cream serves a dual purpose in cosmetics, acting to both soften and cleanse the skin. The Ayurvedic medical tradition is renowned for its utilization of herbal plants and extracts to manage a variety of health conditions. Typically, face creams are formulated as emulsions considered a fundamental skincare product, face cream is necessary for all types and ages.Face cream also nourishes the skin and keep it healthy looking. With the help of additives such as emulsifying agents and newer techniques for the preparation of creams has become easy.[1]

Composition

1.Aloe vera:- also known as Aloe Barbadensis, is a member of the Liliaceae family, which comprises around 300 species. Aloe vera thrives in aroid, warm climates and is cultivated extensively. The mucilaginous tissue found in the centre of Aloevera leaves is utilized in the production of cosmetics and certain medicinal items, commonly referred to as Aloevera gel. Aloevera gets lacks of Antraquinone, the compounds responsible for the potent laxative effects associated with aloes. However aloe vera contains active constituents like Vitamins, Enzymes, Minerals, Sugars, Saponins, Amino acids.

2. Starch:- In its native form, pure starch is a white, amorphous relatively tasteless powder which is odourless and is insoluble in water and other common organic solvents. Starch exhibits antioxidant properties and contains components beneficial for enhancing skin tone and texture. Gamma oryzanol is known to enhance skin suppleness and reduce the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles. Within a starch granules, there are alternating regions of amorphous and crystalline lamellae resembling rings, with the crystalline portion being essential.

3. Vitamin-E:- stands out as the preeminent fat-soluble non-enzymatic antioxidant, celebrated primarily for its capacity to impede the actions of pro-oxidant agents produced by reactive oxygen species (ROS). Vitamin E possesses the capability to neutralize free radicals triggered by internal and/or external sources like UV radiation, medications, and environmental pollutants,thus preventing their harmful consequences. In numerous skin therapy regimens, oral supplementation of vitamin E is commonly advised.

4.Coconut oil:- scientifically known as Cocos nucifera, earns the Sanskrit moniker "Kalpavriksha" due to its diverse nutritional and therapeutic properties.Coconut oil is of two varieties: virgin and refined oil. It has a milky appearance. Containing vital vitamins and beneficial fatty acids, it boasts a range of anti-cancer, analgesic, and anti-inflammatory properties. The skin represents the overall structureof the body. Skin inflammation is caused due to infections and tissue injury of the skin. It is the first line of protection against skin inflammation¸ injuries and microorganisms. Usually, coconut oil is used as a moisturizer and treats dermatological infections [2].

         Ideal Properties of Face Cream

• Easy to apply.
• Cause less irritation to the skin.
• Pleasant in appearance.
• Spread easily on the skin.
• They should melt liquefy.
• They should not make skin dry which happens in case, when the skin is washed with the water

•      They also contribute to the softening, lubrication, and safeguarding of the skin, in addition to their cleansing functions.[3] 

         Criteia for Good Quality Of Cream

• Smooth consistency
• Non-irritant
• Sticky
• Easily washable
• Elegant look
• A uniform mixture
• Free from gritty particles
• Less greasy and easy to apply

         Advantages  Of  Face Cream

•           Convenient and easy to apply.

•           Avoidence of first pass metabolism in-conveniences of therapy and of the various conditions of absorption like pH changes, presence of enzyme, gastric emptying time,etc.

•           Avoid fluctuation of drug levels inter and intra patent variety.

•           Achievement of efficacy with the lower total dosage or drug by continuous drug input.

         Disadvantages of  Face Cream

•           Skin irritation and contsct dermitis may occur due to the drug and excipient. Poor permeability of some drugs through skin.

•           Possibility of allergy reactions.

•           Can be used only for drugs which require very small plasmsa concentration for action. In many cases, it favours microbial growth and cause product spoilage. A shorter self life because of presence of flavouring agents and colouring agents.[4]

Classification of Creams

1.Oil Creams:-

Dispersion phase:- Oil

Continuous phase:- Water

Oil in water (O/W) cream which are composed of small droplets of oil dispersed in continuous phase. More comfortable and cosmetically acceptable as they are less greasy and more easily washed off using water. Emulsification agents of natural origin (bee wax , wool, alcohols, wool fat) Emollient and creamy, white or translucent and stiff.

Eg:-Flucinolone  Acetonide Cream.

2.Aqueous Cream:-

Dispersion phase:-Water

Continuous phase:-Oil

Water in oil (W/O) creams are composed of small droplets of water dispersed in continuously oily phase. More difficult to handle but many drugs which are incorporated into creams are hydrophobic and will be released more readily from aW/O cream than an O/W cream. More moisturizing as they provide an oily barrier which reduces water loss from the stratum corneum,the outermost layer of the skin.

 Eg- Moisturizing and cold cream.

3.Cosmetic Cream:-

All purposes cream, baby cream, barrier cream, bleaching cream, cleansing cream, cold cream, hair cream. hand cream, vanishing cream.

4.Medicated Cream:-

•           Hydrocortisone cream test rashes like poison ivy, psoriasis and eczema.

•           Anntibiotic cream abrasions or wound to treat minor infections.

•           Antifungal creams- Ring worm, Candida intertrigo or Candida diaper rash.

•           Zinc oxide cream:- Sunblock activity and for infant diaper rashes [5].

         Types  Of Cream According To Their  Function

• Cleansing and cold cream
• Foundation and Vanishing cream
• Night and body creams
• Hand creams
• All  purpose  cream is cleansing
• Cold creams

         Other Types

• Regeneration face cream
• Emollient face cream
• Anti-ageing face cream
• Anti-wrinkle face cream
• Hydrating face cream
• Hypo-allergic and fragrance
• Mattifying creams [6]

Methods

1.Trituration Method:-

• Used for finely divided insoluble powder particles or liquids.
• Insoluble powders are added by geometric dilution.
• Liquids are added by making well in centre.
• Air pocket formation avoided.
• Mortar and pestle used when we have large quantities.

2.Levigation Method:-

•      Incorporation of insoluble coarse particles.

•      Insoluble coarse powder is rubbed with molten base or liquid or semisolid base, also known as wet grinding.

•      A considerable shearing force is applied to avoid grittiness.

3.Fusion Method:-

•      The fusion method is followed when the drugs and other solid are soluble in the ointment bases.

•      The base is liquefied and the soluble components are dissolved in the molten base. The congeal mixture is then speculated or triturated to obtain a smooth texture.

• Care is taken to avoid thermal degradation of the base or other components during the fusion process.

4.Mechanical Addision Method:-

• Water removable creams are basically hydrophilic type emulsion.
• A hydrophilic emulsifying agent is included in the aqueous phase in order to obtain stable oil-in-water dispersion.
• Sodium lauryl sulfate is used in the preparation of hydrophilic treatment.[7]

         Application of Herbal Face Cream

•      Cleansing creams is a facial care product that is use to remove dead skin cells, oil, dirt,and other types of pollutants from skin of the face.

•      Vanishing creams are used in hot climates which cause perspiration on the face. The provision of a barrier to protect the skin prevents sun burn, Emollient agents.

•      To aid the retention of moisture (especially water-in-oil). Creams can be used for administrating drug via the vaginal route (eg.Triple sulfa vaginal creams).[8]

 Material and Method

Collection of Material:-

•      Starch

•      Vitamin-E

•      Coconut oil

•      Aloevera   

A.Starch

                                                                       

 

 

Fig.1:-Rice Starch

Common Name:- Indian rice, Asian rice

Biological Name:- Oryza sativa

Family:-Poaceae

Chemical Constituents:-Protein, starch, lipids, dietary fiber, vitamins and minerals.

Uses       

Antiaging

Exfoliation

Skin brightness

Moisturising agent

B. Aloe Vera

 

 

Fig.2:- Aloe vera

Common Name:- AloeVera

 Biological Name:- Aloe Barbadensis mill   

Family:- Asphodelaceae (Liliaceae)

Chemical constituents:-Aloe vera contents 75 potentially active constituents vitamins, enzymes, lignin, saponins, salicylic acids and amino acids, sugars.

Uses:                              

 Anti-microbial

 Anti-inflammatory

 Moisturising the skin

C.Vitamin E

 

 

Fig.3:- Vitamin-E

Common Name:- Alpha tocopherol

Biological source:-Obtain from plant oil such as repeseed (vegetable oil)

Family:- Asphodelaceae (Liliaceae)

Chemical constituents:- Alpha, beta, gamma, delta tocopherol alpha, beta, gamma delta tocotrienol.     

Uses

Anti-oxidants

Moisturizing skin                        

D.Coconut Oil

 

 

Fig.4:-Coconut oil

Common Name:- Cocas nucifera

Biological Source:- Obtain from the dried solid part of endosperm of coconut,coco nurifera.

 Family:- Palmae

Chemical constituents:- Capric acid, Lauric acid, Palmitic acid

Uses

Anti-inflammatory

Analgesic

Anti-microbial [9]

Extraction Process of Starch

 1.Cleaning and soaking:- Cleaning the rice to get rid of any impurities like dirt, dust,stones, or other foreign objects is the first stage in the extraction of rice starch.The rice is subsequently immersed in water for an extended period to soften the grains. This step is essential to ensure that the starch can be readily extracted from the grains.

2.Grinding:- After the rice has been soaked, it is milled or blended into a fine powder. To create slurry, the paste is combined with water.During the grinding process, the rice grains are broken down, liberating starch granules that are then dispersed within the slurry.

3.Seperation:- The starch and protein in the slurry then divided into two groups. By permitting the slurry to settle, the denser starch and protein particles descend to the base while the lighter ones rise to the surface. The pH and temp pf the composition of the slurry can be altered to improve the separation process.

4.Washing:-After that,the starch is thoroughly to get rid of any left over protein fragments.To accomplish this, introduce water to the starch and allow it to settle. Subsequently, after the water is drained, what remains is the starch. The purification of the starch is enhanced through the rinsing procedure, aiding in the elimination of impurities.

5.Drying:- The drying of the starch completes the extraction process.The typical method for drying the starch involves either using an oven or spreading it out on a flat surface and allowing it to dry naturally in the air.The starch can be pounded into a fine powder and utilized in avariety of food products once it has dried.To improve the starchs shelf life and get rid of remaining moisture, drying, crucial.[30] 

 

 

Fig.5:- Rice soak in water.  Fig.6:-Seperation of Rice starch from water. Fig.7:- Starch

 

 

Fig.8:-Extraction of Aloevera Gel

Extraction Process of Coconut Oil

1.Choose mature coconuts to produce enough coconut oil.Cut the coconut and grate the coconut meat.

2.Collect all the necessary materials and equipments such as mixing bowls,cheese cloth, spoon.

3.Sterilize all the material needed.

4.Put the grated coconut meat into a bowl and add the 2L of water.Use your hands to squeeze the pulp for 20-30 min.

5.Put a handful in a piece of cloth.

6.Wrap the coconut meat ans start squeezing the cloth inside another basin.The goal is to behind bone dry flakes and extract all the liquid.Repeat this until all the meat is squeezed dry.

7.After extracting,filter/strains the coconut milk to remove the solid present.The filtered coconut milk is then transferred to a wide mouth container and allowed to settle.

8.Cool the coconut milk in refrigerator for 48 hours.This solidify the layers.The bottom layer is the murky water,the middle layer is coconut oil,followed by top layer of curd or cream.

9.Skim off the top layer of curd/cream.

10.Scoop the floating oil and filter the oil by using filter paper.Allow extra moisture to evaporate by covering with a bit of plastic with hole for air to escape.

 

     

 

Fig.9:- Extraction of Coconut Oil

 

Methods  Of  Preparation  Of  Herbal  Rice Starch

Cream

1) Preparation of the oil phase:- Powder ingredients sometime dry blended and melt are dispersed into mineral oil or silicone oil. Heating may be required to ingredients.

2)Hydration of aqueous phase ingredients:- Emulsifiers, thickness and stabilizers are dispersed into water in a separate vessel. Applying heat may be necessary to speed up the hydration process.

3) Forming the Emulsion:- The two phases are blended under vigrorous agitation to form the emulsion.

4)Dispersion of the Active Ingredient:- As the active ingredients typically constitute a minor portion of the formulation, it is crucial to effectively disperse them to optimize yield and the efficacy of the product.[30]

Procedure of Rice Starch Face Cream

1.In a borosilicate glass beaker, heat liquid paraffin and beeswax to 75 °C and keep it there throughout the heating process (Phase oil).

2.Borax and Liquid paraffin should be dissolved in distilled water and heated in a separate beaker to produce a clear solution.Phase of water.

3. The heated oily phase will then gradually receive this watery phase.

4.Then incorporate a precise amount of Aloe Vera gel, rice extract (starch), and vigorously stir until a creamy cream appears.

5.Then,as a fragrance,  add a few drops of rose oil.Place this cream on the surface and,if necessary,add a few drops of distilled water.

6.Then, mix the cream geometrically on the slab to give it a smooth texture and ensure that all  the  elements  are thoroughly combined. Slab technique or extemporaneous cream  preparation is the name of this technique.

Formula:

              

2.pH testTest

Table 5: pH test

3. Viscosity Test 

Table 6:- Viscosity test

4.Phase Separation 

Table 7: Phase Seperation

  5 . Spreadability Test

  6 . Washability Test

      Table 9: Washability test                                                         

   7 . After feel Test

Table 10: After feel test

 8. Irritancy Test  

Table 11: Irritancy test

    9. Greasiness Test     

Table 12: Greasiness test

10 . Stability Test

Table 13: Stability test

SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION

The present study was to point out with the object of preparing the Herbal Rice Starch face cream. The extracts of Aloe vera,Starch, Coconut oil in different ratios to get multipurpose effect such as whitening, anti-wrinkle, anti-aging and sunscreen effect on skin. As we know it is not possible to increase the extent efficiency of medical cosmetics property single plant extract, but by combining the different plant extract. It can be possible to increase the efficacy of extracts.In this regard, we mixed the extract of Aloe Vera, Starch, Vitamin-E, coconut oil to improve as efficiently synergizing the cosmetic properties of the prepared products enhances their overall performance when compared to their individual attributes. Natural Face cream gives Good result.

All ingredients used to formulate Herbal Rice Starch Face Cream are safer and their use can greatly reduce the skin ageing and skin elasticity.

•           .The Herbal Rice Starch Face Cream show the good physical appperance with white colour smooth consistency,pleasant odour.

•           The pH of formulation was found to be 6.8.

•           The viscosity of the formulation was found to be 25379cps

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