1,3Department of Pharmacy Practice, Srinivas College of Pharmacy, Mangalore – 574143
2Department of Pharmaceutics, Srinivas College of Pharmacy, Mangalore - 574143
Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs or NSAIDs are commonly used for their anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and antipyretic properties. NSAIDs can be classified as nonselective or selective based on their ability to inhibit different forms of the cyclooxygenase (COX) enzyme. Nonselective NSAIDs inhibit both COX-1 and COX-2 enzymes, while selective NSAIDs primarily inhibit COX-2, which is involved in inflammation. Common nonselective NSAIDs include ibuprofen, diclofenac, and naproxen. By blocking the enzyme, NSAIDs reduce the production of inflammatory mediators’ prostaglandins and thromboxane. However, this inhibition can also affect kidney function by interfering with arachidonic acid metabolism leading to fluid and electrolyte retention. The development of NSAID-related nephrotoxicity is associated with multiple risk factors, such as systemic arterial hypertension, comorbidities, and advanced age. People who already have renal diseases, such as lupus nephritis, liver cirrhosis, nephrotic syndrome or heart failure, are also more vulnerable. Acute renal injury and acute interstitial nephritis can be the potential complications of NSAID use. Acute renal injury is characterized by a sudden decrease in GFR, leading to the retention of nitrogen waste products. Acute interstitial nephritis is characterized by inflammation and oedema in the renal interstitium. Overall, it provides a comprehensive review of the effects of nonselective COX inhibitor NSAIDs on kidney function, highlighting the potential nephrotoxicity and related risk factors.
Harirforoosh S, Asghar W, Jamali F. Adverse effects of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs: an update of gastrointestinal, cardiovascular and renal complications. Journal of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences. 2013 Dec;16(5):821-47.
Gokul A. J.*, Viresh K. Chandur, A. R. Shabaraya, Non- Selective Cox Inhibitor NSAIDs Induced Nephropathy: A Systematic Review, Int. J. in Pharm. Sci., 2023, Vol 1, Issue 12, 433-440. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10390607
10.5281/zenodo.10390607
