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Kidney ailments are a serious worldwide health concern, with high morbidity rates and a lack of effective treatment choices. Traditional nephroprotective drugs often just provide symptomatic relief and do not treat the underlying cellular damage. This circumstance emphasizes the importance of investigating other therapy options. In this context, herbal medications have gained popularity as possible nephroprotective agents. Their efficacy is due to a wide range of bioactive substances with therapeutic effects such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and cytoprotective qualities. These characteristics indicate that herbal treatments may play an important role in the management and maintenance of kidney health, necessitating more research into their therapeutic potential. This article provides a thorough evaluation of several nephroprotective plants, concentrating on their phytochemical profiles, the molecular processes by which they function, and supporting experimental evidence. The plants being considered are Boerhaavia diffusa, Curcuma longa, Phyllanthus niruri, Camellia sinensis, Withania somnifera, and Tribulus terrestris. These species have significant promise for decreasing nephrotoxicity caused by drugs such as cisplatin and gentamicin, as well as oxidative stress. The review emphasizes that these plants work through a variety of pathways, including redox homeostasis regulation, inflammatory cytokine suppression, mitochondrial health preservation, and kidney histoarchitecture repair. Such findings highlight their therapeutic potential in nephroprotection. Herbal nephroprotectants have great potential as safe and useful supplements in the treatment of renal disorders, according to a summary of preclinical research. These results point to their possible contribution to improving renal treatment approaches. However, a number of translational gaps that presently impede their practical adoption must be addressed. The lack of thorough clinical validation, difficulties with the bioavailability of many herbal remedies, and the lack of defined dose regimens are important problems. To address these problems and provide a strong basis for the application of herbal nephroprotectants in clinical practice, thorough pharmacokinetic and molecular studies are needed.
Kidney complications, particularly acute kidney injury (AKI) and chronic kidney disease (CKD), have emerged as major worldwide health issues in the twenty-first century.1 The kidneys play an important role in metabolic homeostasis by managing fluid balance, maintaining electrolyte composition, controlling blood pressure, and aiding the excretion of metabolic waste.2 These illnesses have a significant impact on global health systems, mandating increasing awareness and resources for prevention and treatment. Renal function disruptions can have serious effects, such as impaired kidney performance and multi-organ failure. Current worldwide epidemiological studies show that chronic kidney disease (CKD) affects around 10% of the global population, making it a hidden epidemic with major medical, social, and economic consequences.3 Diabetes, hypertension, dyslipidemia, recurrent infections, nephrotoxic medicines, and environmental toxins are the leading causes of renal impairment. Addressing these contributory variables is critical to controlling CKD and its effects on general health.
Renal damage is a complex interaction of interrelated processes at the cellular and molecular levels, including oxidative stress, inflammatory cascades, apoptotic cell death, fibrotic remodeling, and mitochondrial dysfunction.4 Reactive oxygen species (ROS) overproduction overwhelms antioxidant defenses, resulting in DNA damage, protein alteration, and lipid peroxidation. Activation of transcription factors like NF-κB and the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines, including TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6, play a crucial role in the development of inflammation and subsequent tissue damage within the kidneys.5 This inflammation leads to cellular infiltration and exacerbation of renal injuries. The impairment of mitochondrial function further enhances energy deficits in renal tubular cells, which accelerates processes such as apoptosis and fibrosis. Together, these pathological events contribute to the progression from mild renal dysfunction to more severe, irreversible kidney damage.6
Conventional nephroprotective treatments, such as N-acetylcysteine (NAC), corticosteroids, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs), and angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs), have only had little efficacy in slowing the course of renal disease.7 The success of these medicines is frequently inhibited by a number of issues, including unpleasant effects associated with long-term usage, narrow therapeutic windows that limit their applicability, high prices that may limit patient access, and low efficacy when faced with multifaceted renal insults. These problems underscore the critical need for the development of safer, more effective nephroprotective therapies capable of addressing numerous pathways implicated in renal damage, with the goal of improving patient outcomes in renal disease treatment.
Herbal and plant-based medications have received widespread attention for their broad pharmacological capabilities, synergistic phytoconstituents, and low toxicity levels. For many years, traditional medical systems such as Ayurveda, Siddha, Unani, and Traditional Chinese medical (TCM) have used nephroprotective herbs, retaining a vast compendium of ethnopharmacological information that contributes to modern scientific understanding.8 Notable plants in this context include Boerhaavia diffusa, Phyllanthus niruri, Curcuma longa, Tribulus terrestris, Cynodon dactylon, and Withania somnifera, which have traditionally been recognized for their diuretic, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and rejuvenating effects on renal tissues.8
Herbal remedies for nephrology have shown encouraging results, but there are still a lot of unanswered questions that prevent their widespread use. Clinical validation, the pharmacokinetics of herbal treatments, possible drug interactions, extract standardization, dose optimization, and long-term safety assessments are important topics that require more research. By summarizing current information on the molecular processes, phytochemical profiles, and experimental results associated with nephroprotective medicinal plants, this review seeks to resolve these problems. The study aims to lay the groundwork for future studies that strive to determine the clinical efficacy of herbal medications in preserving kidney function by highlighting both recent scientific achievements and the gaps in present research.
MATERIALS AND METHODS:
The review utilized a structured and systematic methodology for both literature collection and analysis. It identified pertinent studies through extensive searches conducted in several reputable scientific databases such as PubMed, Scopus, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar. The search strategy implemented predefined keywords alongside Boolean operators and inclusion/exclusion criteria, which aimed to guarantee the retrieval of high-quality, peer-reviewed research. Subsequently, all selected articles underwent a thorough screening process, critical evaluation, and synthesis to achieve a rigorous and impartial assessment of the available evidence.
Table: A Complete List of Plants That Have Been Shown to Protect the Kidneys, Along With the Extracts Used, the Main Phytochemicals, the Study Models, the Mechanistic Insights, and the Supporting Literature.
CONCLUSION:
The current analysis indicates that herbal medicinal plants can successfully cure breast cancer, making them a cost-effective option for underdeveloped countries. It could be feasible to find anti-cancer compounds by studying traditional medicinal plants in order to create new drugs and comprehend the origins of cancer. This might lead to the development of stronger drugs and improved healthcare for underdeveloped countries.
REFERENCES
Kung CW, Chou YH. Acute kidney disease: an overview of the epidemiology, pathophysiology, and management. Kidney research and clinical practice. 2023 May 11;42(6):686.
Ellison D, Farrar FC. Kidney influence on fluid and electrolyte balance. Nurs. Clin. N. Am. 2018 Dec 1;53(4):469-80.
Liu Q, Liu M, Liang W, Li X, Jing W, Chen Z, Liu J. Global distribution and health impact of infectious disease outbreaks, 1996–2023: a worldwide retrospective analysis of World Health Organization emergency event reports. Journal of Global Health. 2025 May 16;15:04151.
Sanz AB, Sanchez-Niño MD, Ramos AM, Ortiz A. Regulated cell death pathways in kidney disease. Nature Reviews Nephrology. 2023 May;19(5):281-99.
Pooja G, Shweta S, Patel P. Oxidative stress and free radicals in disease pathogenesis: a review. Discover Medicine. 2025 Apr 14;2(1):104.
Chen L, Deng H, Cui H, Fang J, Zuo Z, Deng J, Li Y, Wang X, Zhao L. Inflammatory responses and inflammation-associated diseases in organs. Oncotarget. 2017 Dec 14;9(6):7204.
Kumari M, Sadhu P, Talele D, Pandey A. Nephroprotective Plants in Ayurveda: A Comprehensive Review. JOURNAL OF NATURAL REMEDIES. 2024:1219-29.
Basu R, Dasgupta S, Babu SN, Noor A. Medicinal plants in the Indian traditional medicine and current practices. Bioprospecting of tropical medicinal plants. 2023 Aug 31:253-86.
Putra IM, Fakhrudin N, Nurrochmad A, Wahyuono S. A review of medicinal plants with renoprotective activity in diabetic nephropathy animal models. Life. 2023 Feb 16;13(2):560.
Tienda-Vázquez MA, Morreeuw ZP, Sosa-Hernández JE, Cardador-Martínez A, Sabath E, Melchor-Martínez EM, Iqbal HM, Parra-Saldívar R. Nephroprotective plants: a review on the use in pre-renal and post-renal diseases. Plants. 2022 Mar 18;11(6):818.
Reddy GS, Raparla LP, Reddy GR, Charan DV. Evaluation of Nephroprotective activity of the Methanolic extract of Phyllanthus niruri (family-Euphorbiaceae). Int J Pharm Phytopharmacological Res. 2015 Mar 1;4(5):276-80.
Shivananjappa M. Nephroprotective activity of Boerhavia diffusa. Int. J. Pharm. Chem. Anal.. 2022;8:155-8.
Tiwari DD, Thorat VM, Pakale PV, Thorat V. Evaluation of Nephroprotective Activity of Berberis asiatica, Withania somnifera, and Their Combination in Streptozotocin-Nicotinamide Induced Diabetic Wistar Rats. Cureus. 2025 Feb 25;17(2).
Malkani N, Sohail MI, Ijaz F, Naeem A, Mumtaz S, Saeed Z. Berberis aristata reduces vancomycin-induced nephrotoxicity by down-regulation of cell proliferation markers. Journal of Herbal Medicine. 2022 Feb 1;31:100540.
Ben Saad A, Ncib S, Rjeibi I, Saidi I, Zouari N. Nephroprotective and antioxidant effect of green tea (Camellia sinensis) against nicotine-induced nephrotoxicity in rats and characterization of its bioactive compounds by HPLC–DAD. Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism. 2019;44(11):1134-40
Sujana D, Saptarini NM, Sumiwi SA, Levita J. Nephroprotective activity of medicinal plants: A review on in silico-, in vitro-, and in vivo-based studies. Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Science. 2021 Oct 3;11(10):113-27.
Basist P, Zahiruddin S, Khan MU, Gautam G, Jan B, Khan MA, Parveen R, Ahmad S. Metabolite profiling and nephroprotective potential of Glycyrrhiza glabra L. roots against cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity in vitro and in vivo. Iranian Journal of Basic Medical Sciences. 2022 Nov;25(11):1286.
Vishvakarma P, Kaur J, Chakraborthy G, Vishwakarma DK, Reddy BB, Thanthati P, Aleesha S, Khatoon Y. NEPHROPROTECTIVE POTENTIAL OF TERMINALIA ARJUNA AGAINST CADMIUM-INDUCED RENAL TOXICITY BY IN-VITRO STUDY. Journal of Experimental Zoology India. 2025 Jan 1;28(1).
Rahman MM, Ferdous KU, Roy S, Nitul IA, Mamun F, Hossain MH, Subhan N, Alam MA, Haque MA. Polyphenolic compounds of amla prevent oxidative stress and fibrosis in the kidney and heart of 2K1C rats. Food science & nutrition. 2020 Jul;8(7):3578-89.
Ambalavanan R, John AD, Selvaraj AD. Nephroprotective role of nanoencapsulated Tinospora cordifolia (Willd.) using polylactic acid nanoparticles in streptozotocin?induced diabetic nephropathy rats. IET nanobiotechnology. 2021 Jun;15(4):411-7.
Alomar MY. Physiological and histopathological study on the influence of Ocimum basilicum leaves extract on thioacetamide-induced nephrotoxicity in male rats. Saudi journal of biological sciences. 2020 Jul 1;27(7):1843-9.
Iftikhar A, Hasan IJ, Sarfraz M, Jafri L, Ashraf MA. Nephroprotective effect of the leaves of Aloe barbadensis (Aloe Vera) against toxicity induced by diclofenac sodium in albino rabbits. The West Indian Medical Journal. 2016 Apr 29;64(5):462.
Yadav HN, Sharma US, Singh S, Gupta YK. Effect of Tribulus terrestris in mercuric chloride-induced renal accumulation of mercury and nephrotoxicity in rat. Journal of Advanced Pharmaceutical Technology & Research. 2019 Jul 1;10(3):132-7.
Azarkish F, Hashemi K, Talebi A, Kamalinejad M, Soltani N, Pouladian N. Effect of the administration of Solanum nigrum fruit on prevention of diabetic nephropathy in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Pharmacognosy research. 2017 Oct;9(4):325.
Frounchi N, Mahmoodpoor F, Zakavi SS, Eyvazova K, Yagubova S, Ardalan M, Ahmadian E, Gareev I, Beylerli O, Roumiantsev S. Nephroprotective Effects of Silymarin: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Biochemistry (Moscow). 2025 Aug;90(8):1140-52
Akinrinde AS, Oduwole O, Akinrinmade FJ, Bolaji-Alabi FB. Nephroprotective effect of methanol extract of Moringa oleifera leaves on acute kidney injury induced by ischemia-reperfusion in rats. African health sciences. 2020 Oct 7;20(3):1382-96.
USLU GA, Hamit US, Adali Y. Hepatoprotective and nephroprotective effects of Trigonella foenum-graecum L.(Fenugreek) seed extract against sodium nitrite toxicity in rats. Biomedical research and therapy. 2019 May 30;6(5):3142-50.
Kalantari H, Jalali M, Jalali A, Salimi A, Alhalvachi F, Varga B, Juhasz B, Jakab A, Kemeny-Beke A, Gesztelyi R, Tosaki A. Protective effect of Cassia fistula fruit extract on bromobenzene-induced nephrotoxicity in mice. Human & experimental toxicology. 2011 Oct;30(10):1710-5.
Sari DC, Budiharjo S, Afifah H, Jasmin D, Kokasih O, Putri TG, Arifiani K, Setyaningsih WA, Arfian N. Centella asiatica extract attenuates kidney fibrosis through reducing mesenchymal transition and inflammation in ureteral ligation model in mice. Frontiers in Pharmacology. 2021 Mar 17;12:621894.
Mardani S, Nasri H, Hajian S, Ahmadi A, Kazemi R, Rafieian-Kopaei M. Impact of Momordica charantia extract on kidney function and structure in mice. Journal of nephropathology. 2014 Jan 1;3(1):35.
Mossoba ME, Flynn TJ, Vohra S, Wiesenfeld PL, Sprando RL. Human kidney proximal tubule cells are vulnerable to the effects of Rauwolfia serpentina. Cell biology and toxicology. 2015 Dec;31(6):285-93.
Ige SF, Salawu EO, Olaleye SB, Adeeyo OA, Badmus J, Adeleke AA. Onion (Allium cepa) extract prevents cadmium induced renal dysfunction. Indian Journal of Nephrology. 2009 Oct 1;19(4):140-4.
Kang C, Lee H, Hah DY, Heo JH, Kim CH, Kim E, Kim JS. Protective effects of Houttuynia cordata Thunb. on gentamicin-induced oxidative stress and nephrotoxicity in rats. Toxicological research. 2013 Mar;29(1):61-7.
Zhang Z, Tang S, Liu S, Leng Y, Fu X, Xie H, Gao H, Xie C. The efficacy and safety of Ginkgo biloba L. leaves extract combined with ACEI/ARB on diabetic kidney disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis of 41 randomized controlled trials. Frontiers in Pharmacology. 2025 Jan 3;15:1408546.
SOMSAK V, NAKINCHAT S. Antimalarial, Anti-hemolytic, Hepatoprotective, and Nephroprotective Activities of Gynostemma pentaphyllum Leaf Extract in Plasmodium berghei Infection in Mice. Walailak Journal of Science and Technology (WJST). 2018;15(2):143-50.
Hidayat R, Wulandari P. Effects of Andrographis paniculata (Burm. F.) extract on diabetic nephropathy in rats. Reports of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology. 2021 Oct;10(3):445.
Zarei B, Elyasi S. Saffron nephroprotective effects against medications and toxins: A review of preclinical data. Iranian Journal of Basic Medical Sciences. 2022 Apr;25(4):419.
Akinrinde AS, Oduwole O, Akinrinmade FJ, Bolaji-Alabi FB. Nephroprotective effect of methanol extract of Moringa oleifera leaves on acute kidney injury induced by ischemia-reperfusion in rats. African health sciences. 2020 Oct 7;20(3):1382-96.
Fareed SA, Yousef EM, Abd El-Moneam SM, Abd El-moneam S. Assessment of effects of rosemary essential oil on the kidney pathology of diabetic adult male albino rats. Cureus. 2023 Mar 3;15(3).
Atsamo AD, Lontsie Songmene A, Metchi Donfack MF, Ngouateu OB, Nguelefack TB, Dimo T. Aqueous Extract from Cinnamomum zeylanicum (Lauraceae) Stem Bark Ameliorates Gentamicin?Induced Nephrotoxicity in Rats by Modulating Oxidative Stress and Inflammatory Markers. Evidence?Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine. 2021;2021(1):5543889.
Suganya S, Sophia D, Raj CA, Rathi MA, Thirumoorthi L, Meenakshi P, Kumar DG, Gopalakrishnan VK. Amelioration of nitrobenzene-induced nephrotoxicity by the ethanol extract of the herb Euphorbia hirta. Pharmacognosy Research. 2011 Jul;3(3):201.
Lin SY, Chang CL, Liou KT, Kao YK, Wang YH, Chang CC, Kuo TB, Huang HT, Yang CC, Liaw CC, Shen YC. The protective role of Achyranthes aspera extract against cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity by alleviating oxidative stress, inflammation, and PANoptosis. Journal of Ethnopharmacology. 2024 Jan 30;319:117097.
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Reference
Kung CW, Chou YH. Acute kidney disease: an overview of the epidemiology, pathophysiology, and management. Kidney research and clinical practice. 2023 May 11;42(6):686.
Ellison D, Farrar FC. Kidney influence on fluid and electrolyte balance. Nurs. Clin. N. Am. 2018 Dec 1;53(4):469-80.
Liu Q, Liu M, Liang W, Li X, Jing W, Chen Z, Liu J. Global distribution and health impact of infectious disease outbreaks, 1996–2023: a worldwide retrospective analysis of World Health Organization emergency event reports. Journal of Global Health. 2025 May 16;15:04151.
Sanz AB, Sanchez-Niño MD, Ramos AM, Ortiz A. Regulated cell death pathways in kidney disease. Nature Reviews Nephrology. 2023 May;19(5):281-99.
Pooja G, Shweta S, Patel P. Oxidative stress and free radicals in disease pathogenesis: a review. Discover Medicine. 2025 Apr 14;2(1):104.
Chen L, Deng H, Cui H, Fang J, Zuo Z, Deng J, Li Y, Wang X, Zhao L. Inflammatory responses and inflammation-associated diseases in organs. Oncotarget. 2017 Dec 14;9(6):7204.
Kumari M, Sadhu P, Talele D, Pandey A. Nephroprotective Plants in Ayurveda: A Comprehensive Review. JOURNAL OF NATURAL REMEDIES. 2024:1219-29.
Basu R, Dasgupta S, Babu SN, Noor A. Medicinal plants in the Indian traditional medicine and current practices. Bioprospecting of tropical medicinal plants. 2023 Aug 31:253-86.
Putra IM, Fakhrudin N, Nurrochmad A, Wahyuono S. A review of medicinal plants with renoprotective activity in diabetic nephropathy animal models. Life. 2023 Feb 16;13(2):560.
Tienda-Vázquez MA, Morreeuw ZP, Sosa-Hernández JE, Cardador-Martínez A, Sabath E, Melchor-Martínez EM, Iqbal HM, Parra-Saldívar R. Nephroprotective plants: a review on the use in pre-renal and post-renal diseases. Plants. 2022 Mar 18;11(6):818.
Reddy GS, Raparla LP, Reddy GR, Charan DV. Evaluation of Nephroprotective activity of the Methanolic extract of Phyllanthus niruri (family-Euphorbiaceae). Int J Pharm Phytopharmacological Res. 2015 Mar 1;4(5):276-80.
Shivananjappa M. Nephroprotective activity of Boerhavia diffusa. Int. J. Pharm. Chem. Anal.. 2022;8:155-8.
Tiwari DD, Thorat VM, Pakale PV, Thorat V. Evaluation of Nephroprotective Activity of Berberis asiatica, Withania somnifera, and Their Combination in Streptozotocin-Nicotinamide Induced Diabetic Wistar Rats. Cureus. 2025 Feb 25;17(2).
Malkani N, Sohail MI, Ijaz F, Naeem A, Mumtaz S, Saeed Z. Berberis aristata reduces vancomycin-induced nephrotoxicity by down-regulation of cell proliferation markers. Journal of Herbal Medicine. 2022 Feb 1;31:100540.
Ben Saad A, Ncib S, Rjeibi I, Saidi I, Zouari N. Nephroprotective and antioxidant effect of green tea (Camellia sinensis) against nicotine-induced nephrotoxicity in rats and characterization of its bioactive compounds by HPLC–DAD. Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism. 2019;44(11):1134-40
Sujana D, Saptarini NM, Sumiwi SA, Levita J. Nephroprotective activity of medicinal plants: A review on in silico-, in vitro-, and in vivo-based studies. Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Science. 2021 Oct 3;11(10):113-27.
Basist P, Zahiruddin S, Khan MU, Gautam G, Jan B, Khan MA, Parveen R, Ahmad S. Metabolite profiling and nephroprotective potential of Glycyrrhiza glabra L. roots against cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity in vitro and in vivo. Iranian Journal of Basic Medical Sciences. 2022 Nov;25(11):1286.
Vishvakarma P, Kaur J, Chakraborthy G, Vishwakarma DK, Reddy BB, Thanthati P, Aleesha S, Khatoon Y. NEPHROPROTECTIVE POTENTIAL OF TERMINALIA ARJUNA AGAINST CADMIUM-INDUCED RENAL TOXICITY BY IN-VITRO STUDY. Journal of Experimental Zoology India. 2025 Jan 1;28(1).
Rahman MM, Ferdous KU, Roy S, Nitul IA, Mamun F, Hossain MH, Subhan N, Alam MA, Haque MA. Polyphenolic compounds of amla prevent oxidative stress and fibrosis in the kidney and heart of 2K1C rats. Food science & nutrition. 2020 Jul;8(7):3578-89.
Ambalavanan R, John AD, Selvaraj AD. Nephroprotective role of nanoencapsulated Tinospora cordifolia (Willd.) using polylactic acid nanoparticles in streptozotocin?induced diabetic nephropathy rats. IET nanobiotechnology. 2021 Jun;15(4):411-7.
Alomar MY. Physiological and histopathological study on the influence of Ocimum basilicum leaves extract on thioacetamide-induced nephrotoxicity in male rats. Saudi journal of biological sciences. 2020 Jul 1;27(7):1843-9.
Iftikhar A, Hasan IJ, Sarfraz M, Jafri L, Ashraf MA. Nephroprotective effect of the leaves of Aloe barbadensis (Aloe Vera) against toxicity induced by diclofenac sodium in albino rabbits. The West Indian Medical Journal. 2016 Apr 29;64(5):462.
Yadav HN, Sharma US, Singh S, Gupta YK. Effect of Tribulus terrestris in mercuric chloride-induced renal accumulation of mercury and nephrotoxicity in rat. Journal of Advanced Pharmaceutical Technology & Research. 2019 Jul 1;10(3):132-7.
Azarkish F, Hashemi K, Talebi A, Kamalinejad M, Soltani N, Pouladian N. Effect of the administration of Solanum nigrum fruit on prevention of diabetic nephropathy in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Pharmacognosy research. 2017 Oct;9(4):325.
Frounchi N, Mahmoodpoor F, Zakavi SS, Eyvazova K, Yagubova S, Ardalan M, Ahmadian E, Gareev I, Beylerli O, Roumiantsev S. Nephroprotective Effects of Silymarin: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Biochemistry (Moscow). 2025 Aug;90(8):1140-52
Akinrinde AS, Oduwole O, Akinrinmade FJ, Bolaji-Alabi FB. Nephroprotective effect of methanol extract of Moringa oleifera leaves on acute kidney injury induced by ischemia-reperfusion in rats. African health sciences. 2020 Oct 7;20(3):1382-96.
USLU GA, Hamit US, Adali Y. Hepatoprotective and nephroprotective effects of Trigonella foenum-graecum L.(Fenugreek) seed extract against sodium nitrite toxicity in rats. Biomedical research and therapy. 2019 May 30;6(5):3142-50.
Kalantari H, Jalali M, Jalali A, Salimi A, Alhalvachi F, Varga B, Juhasz B, Jakab A, Kemeny-Beke A, Gesztelyi R, Tosaki A. Protective effect of Cassia fistula fruit extract on bromobenzene-induced nephrotoxicity in mice. Human & experimental toxicology. 2011 Oct;30(10):1710-5.
Sari DC, Budiharjo S, Afifah H, Jasmin D, Kokasih O, Putri TG, Arifiani K, Setyaningsih WA, Arfian N. Centella asiatica extract attenuates kidney fibrosis through reducing mesenchymal transition and inflammation in ureteral ligation model in mice. Frontiers in Pharmacology. 2021 Mar 17;12:621894.
Mardani S, Nasri H, Hajian S, Ahmadi A, Kazemi R, Rafieian-Kopaei M. Impact of Momordica charantia extract on kidney function and structure in mice. Journal of nephropathology. 2014 Jan 1;3(1):35.
Mossoba ME, Flynn TJ, Vohra S, Wiesenfeld PL, Sprando RL. Human kidney proximal tubule cells are vulnerable to the effects of Rauwolfia serpentina. Cell biology and toxicology. 2015 Dec;31(6):285-93.
Ige SF, Salawu EO, Olaleye SB, Adeeyo OA, Badmus J, Adeleke AA. Onion (Allium cepa) extract prevents cadmium induced renal dysfunction. Indian Journal of Nephrology. 2009 Oct 1;19(4):140-4.
Kang C, Lee H, Hah DY, Heo JH, Kim CH, Kim E, Kim JS. Protective effects of Houttuynia cordata Thunb. on gentamicin-induced oxidative stress and nephrotoxicity in rats. Toxicological research. 2013 Mar;29(1):61-7.
Zhang Z, Tang S, Liu S, Leng Y, Fu X, Xie H, Gao H, Xie C. The efficacy and safety of Ginkgo biloba L. leaves extract combined with ACEI/ARB on diabetic kidney disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis of 41 randomized controlled trials. Frontiers in Pharmacology. 2025 Jan 3;15:1408546.
SOMSAK V, NAKINCHAT S. Antimalarial, Anti-hemolytic, Hepatoprotective, and Nephroprotective Activities of Gynostemma pentaphyllum Leaf Extract in Plasmodium berghei Infection in Mice. Walailak Journal of Science and Technology (WJST). 2018;15(2):143-50.
Hidayat R, Wulandari P. Effects of Andrographis paniculata (Burm. F.) extract on diabetic nephropathy in rats. Reports of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology. 2021 Oct;10(3):445.
Zarei B, Elyasi S. Saffron nephroprotective effects against medications and toxins: A review of preclinical data. Iranian Journal of Basic Medical Sciences. 2022 Apr;25(4):419.
Akinrinde AS, Oduwole O, Akinrinmade FJ, Bolaji-Alabi FB. Nephroprotective effect of methanol extract of Moringa oleifera leaves on acute kidney injury induced by ischemia-reperfusion in rats. African health sciences. 2020 Oct 7;20(3):1382-96.
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Harshada Kusane
Corresponding author
Department of Pharmacology, Maratha Mandal college of Pharmacy, Belagavi – 590016, Karnataka, India.
Harshada Kusane*, Dr. Vishnu Kangralkar, Natural Allies in Kidney Protection: A Comprehensive Review of Potential Nephroprotective Properties of Various Medicinal Plants, Int. J. of Pharm. Sci., 2025, Vol 3, Issue 11, 4606-4617 https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17749058
10.5281/zenodo.17749058
