Formulation And Evaluation Of Herbal Anti-Aging Cream Using Clerodendrum Infortunatum And Eclipta Prostrata

Abstract

Herbal formulation is a dosage form consisting of one or more one fresh herbs of processed herbs in particular quantities to provide specific nutritional, cosmetic benefits and are meant for diagnose, treatment and mitigation of disease in human beings. Herbal anti-aging creams are semi-solid dosage forms in which natural ingredients are dispersed to reduce the production of free radicals in skin and manage skin properties for a very long time. It is used for achieving longevity of good health by reducing skin disorders like hyper pigmentation, skin aging, skin wrinkling and rough skin texture. The aim of the present work is to reveal the Pharmacognostic, phytochemical, anti-oxidant activity for the formulation and evaluation of herbal anti-aging cream. The required materials were collected from Kasaragod and subjected to maceration. Later, Pharmacognostic studies like microscopical evaluation, ash value and extractive value were carried out. The preliminary phytochemical studies were carried out using solvents like water and ethanol. Aqueous and ethanolic extract was used for the study of anti-oxidant activity.

Keywords

Introduction

Anti-aging  cosmetics  is  the  branch  of  cosmetics  which  deal  with  the  removal  of  aging   and wrinkle  of  the  skin.  They  are  predominantly  moisturizer-based  cosmeceutical  skin  care   products  which  are   marked  with  the  promise  of  making  the  customer  look  younger  by reducing,  masking  or  preventing  the  signs  of  aging[1]. Herbal  antiaging  creams  are  semisolid  dosage  forms  in  which  natural  ingredients  are  dispersed  to  reduce  the  production  of  free  radicals  in  skin  and  manage  skin  properties  for  a  very  long  time.  Herbs  and  plants  are  used  for  achieving  longevity  of good  health  by  reducing  skin  disorders like  hyper  pigmentation,  skin  aging,  skin  wrinkling  and  rough  skin  texture.  The  synthetic  or  natural  ingredients  present  helps  in  supporting  health,  texture and  integrity  of  skin  by  maintaining  its  elasticity,  anti-oxidant  potential  and  photoprotection. The  present  work  is  to  develop  herbal  anti-aging  cream  to  be  applied  for  treatment  of   skin  aging  and  removal  of  wrinkle  effect  of  skin.  Herbal  anti-aging  cream  is  prepared  by  using  potent  medicinal  plants  such  as  Clerodendrum  infortunatum  and  Eclipta  prostrata(.L.).  All  of  these  plants  have  an  effective  antioxidant  activity. By  incorporating  the  leaf  extract  of  Clerodendrum  infortunatum  and  Eclipta  prostrata,   herbal  anti-aging  cream  with  antioxidant  activity  can  be  prepared.  For  evaluating  the   antioxidant  activity,  we  use  DPPH assay  method.

MATERIALS AND METHOD

Collection of plant material

The fresh leaves of Clerodendrum infortunatum, Eclipta prostrata(.L.) were collected from  Kasaragod district, Kerala(India)in the month of March 2024.

Authentication of plant material

The plant material was collected from Kasaragod district, Kerala (India) in the month of March

 2024.The plant material was identified and authenticated by Smitha K O, Assistant Professor,

 Horticulture Department, College of Agriculture, Padnnakkad, Kasaragod, Kerala.

Extraction of plant material

Extraction of Clerodendrum infortunatum, Eclipta prostrata was carried out separately by

 maceration.

The freshly cleaned leaves of Clerodendrum infortunatum were air dried for 72 hours at room

temperature and then ground into fine powder. 250 g of powder was extracted by maceration for

 24 hours with 500 ml ethanol in a stoppered flask with occasional shaking at 25oC and filtered  through whatmann filter paper No 1. Then the crude extract was evaporated to dryness. The extract  was preserved after drying and stored at 4oC in air tight container until needed[2]. The freshly collected leaves of Eclipta prostrata were kept under running tap water and dried at  room temperature. Then the material was ground into coarse powdered 50 gm of leaf powder was  extracted by maceration in 250 ml water. After 72 hours leaf extract were filtered through  whatmann filter paper No 1 and the solvent was evaporated. The extract were stored in air tight  container until needed[3].

Preliminary phytochemical screening

The extract of selected plants were subjected to preliminary phytochemical screening to detect

 various phytoconstituents like alkaloids, glycosides, flavonoids, saponins, tannins and phenolic compounds, carbohydrates, proteins and amino acids and fats and oil[4].

Formulation of herbal anti-aging cream[5]

Herbal anti-aging cream were prepared by using the extract of Clerodendrum infortunatum and  Eclipta prostrata, by incorporating it with other ingredients like stearic acid, cetyl alcohol, glycerin,  methyl paraben, triethanol amine and water. Three different formulations were prepared by changing the concentration of ingredients of cream bases as shown in table 1.

Procedure:

1. Stearic acid and other oil soluble ingredients like cetyl alcohol,glycerin and triethanol amine
2. were dissolved in the oil phase and heated to 75oC.
3. Methyl paraben were dissolved in the aqueous phase and heated to 75oC.
4. After heating the aqueous phase was added in portions to the oil phase with continuous stirring.
5. When the cream base begins to cool, add the extracts to it and stir well until a smooth cream is obtained.

EVALUATION OF HERBAL ANTI-AGING CREAM[6]

Physical evaluation

The cream were evaluated manually for its colour, odour, texture and state.

Irritancy

1cm2 area were marked at the left hand dorsal surface. Then the cream was applied to that area and  the time was noted. Then it is checked for irritancy, erythema and edema if any for an interval of  upto 24 hrs and  reported.

Washability

A small amount of cream was applied on the hand and it is then washed with tap water.

PH

0.5gm was taken and dispersed in 50ml distilled water and then PH was measured by using digital

PH meter.

Greasiness

Here the cream was applied on the skin surface in the form of smear and checked if the smear was

oily or grease-like.

Spreadability

The spreadability was expressed in terms of time in seconds taken by two glass slides to slip

from the cream, placed in between the slides, under certain load. Lesser the time taken for

 separation of the two slides, better the spreadability.

                                        S = m ×l/t

Where,   S=Spreadability

               m=Weight tied to the upper slide

                l=Length of the glass slide

                t=Time taken in sec

INVITRO ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY

DPPH Assay method[7]

The free RSA of the dilute leaf extracts was tested using a 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl hydrazyl (DPPH) technique.

Procedure:

1. A total of 24 milligrams of DPPH were dissolved in 100 mL of methanol for making the stock solution.
2. In a test tube, 3 mL DPPH workable solutions were combined with 100 µL of leaf extract.
3. Three milliliters of solution containing DPPH in 100 µL of methanol is often given as a standard.
4. After that, the tubes were kept in complete darkness for 30 min.
5. The absorbance was therefore determined at 517 nm.
6. The following formula was used to compute the percentage of antioxidant activity.

% of antioxidant activity= [(Ac?As) ÷Ac] × 100

Where; Ac-Control reaction absorbance.

            As-Testing specimen absorbance.

RESULT AND DISCUSSION

Extraction of plant material

The extraction of dried leaves of Clerodendrum infortunatum and Eclipta prostrata were carried

 out by maceration process by using suitable solvent as shown in fig 1. The extracts obtained were  collected and concentrated which is then weighed and kept in a desiccator until used for further

studies.

Preliminary phytochemical screening

The plant leaves were macerated with different solvents and the extract thus obtained is subjected

to preliminary phytochemical screening to detect various phytochemical constituents mentioned

in table 2.

Formulation of herbal anti-aging cream

Herbal anti-aging cream were prepared as shown in fig 2.

Physical evaluation

The physical parameters such as state, colour, odour, texture was checked and the result is as given in table 3.

Irritancy

The formulation shows no irritancy.

Washability

The formation shows good washability.

PH

The PH of the prepared formulation was determined by using digital PH meter. The PH of the formulations are shown in table 4.

Greasiness

The formulations are non-greasy.

Spreadability

The spreadability of the formulation was evaluated and the result is shown in table 5.

INVITRO ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY

The antioxidant activity of the plant extract was done by DPPH free radical scavenging assay

method. The antioxidant activity was calculated in terms of %inhibition which is shown in table

 6 and using graph 1. The main aim of the study is to make herbal anti-aging cream by using medicinal plants such as Clerodendrum infortunatum and Eclipta prostrata(.L.). All of these plants have an effective anti-

oxidant activity.

The plant material was subjected to maceration process by using solvents like ethanol and water

and then the extract was taken for preliminary  phytochemical screening. From the result, ethanol

gave more active constituents in case of Clerodendrum infortunatum and water gave more active  constituents in case of Eclipta prostrata. The presence of major constituents such as flavonoid,  phenolic compounds contribute to antioxidant activity which is beneficial for the anti-aging  activity.  The three different formulations of  anti-aging cream containing leaf extract were prepared and the  results revealed that the formulation F2 has better acceptability in terms of evaluation tests like PH  and spreadability. The anti-aging activity was measured invitro by DPPH free radical scavenging  assay and then the percentage inhibition was calculated. From this results, the cream was

considered to be effective for the treatment of aging of skin.

ACKNOWLEDGMENT

I would like to acknowledge my guide Mrs. Vyshnavy Devy D K, Associate Professor, Department  of Pharmacognosy, Rajiv Gandhi Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Research for her  constant guidance and valuable suggestions and encouragement. We are deeply indebted to Prof. Dr. M. Paridhavi, M Pharm, PhD, FABAP, Principal, Rajiv Gandhi Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Research, for his valuable advice and support to  make the study successful. We also extend our sincere thanks to all  teachers, who helped us for

 the completion of this dissertation.

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