A Review on Formulation and Evaluation of Herbal Wound Healing Cream

Creams are semi-solid dose forms that are applied topically to the skin. These preparations are used to create localized effects at the application location through drug penetration into the underlying mucous or skin layer. Creams are water and oil emulsions that are semi-solid. The most popular formulations are liquid-type oil emulsions, or creams. 2 To treat a variety of skin conditions, including wounds, psoriasis, fissures, acne vulgaris, and other skin conditions, a safe and efficient herbal skin cream is required. The World Health Organization (WHO) and our nation have been supporting traditional medicine due to its affordability, accessibility, and comprehensiveness, particularly in poor nations.³

Herbal products are becoming increasingly popular in wound healing due to their high acceptance and good tolerability. Natural remedies for wounds promote the growth of fibroblasts and increase collagen levels, leading to quicker healing of the wound. ⁴

The most plentiful source of bioresources in comparison to modern medications, dietary supplements, and traditional therapies is medicinal plants. Chemical compounds for synthetic materials, dietary supplements, and conventional therapies. 5 The majority of conventional medical practices worldwide frequently employ medicinal plants to heal both acute and chronic wounds. There is a great deal of promise for managing and treating wounds using plants and their extracts.6

Wound:

Wounds are an inevitable part of life and can cause the loss or disruption of the anatomical, cellular, and functional integrity of living tissue. 7 A wound may be defined as a loss or disruption of the cellular, anatomical, or functional continuity of the deep skin tissue or the living tissues. 8 The complicated process of wound healing is characterized by the regeneration or repair of injured tissue.9.

Type of Wound:

Wounds can be classified in number of ways, depending on Healing time they can be acute or chronic

1. Acute Wound : Acute wound is defined as the traumatic loss of normal structure and function to recently    uninjured tissue. 10 Those wounds that get healed in short period of time.

2. Chronic Wound: Chronic wounds are defined as wounds that have not healed through the regular phases and have instead entered a state of pathologic inflammation. These wounds either take a long time to heal or keep coming .

Wound Healing :

The restoration of damaged tissue's normal structure and functions is accomplished through an integrated cellular and biochemical process known as wound healing. 12 After an injury, the skin, organ, or tissue repairs itself through a complex process known as wound healing or wound repair. 13 The process of wound healing involves a sophisticated, well-structured series of biochemical as well as cellular processes that include tissue regeneration and repair. 14.

In order to replace lost tissue and repair damaged tissue, matrix and cellular components interact during the dynamic process of wound healing. Ten Regular wound healing is a complex process that requires the coordination of several processes, including coagulation, inflammation, and connective tissue proliferation.

Normal Wound Healing Process:

 Hemostasis: Hemostasis being promptly following an injury and stop bleeding by creating platelets. It included vascular constriction , platelet aggregation and the formation of fibrin.

 Inflammation: It lasts for 4-6 days. It involves hemostatic mechanism to prevent blood loss from the site of wound.

 Proliferation: It starts after inflammation which lasts for 5-21 days. It involves the formation of granulation tissue, angiogenesis, re -epithelialization.

 Remodeling: This phase lasts for 3 weeks -2 years. It involves the Synthesis of Collagen and scar formation.

Fig. 1 : Stage of wound healing

Factor Affecting Wound Healing:

1. inappropriate diet.
2. infection where the wound was made. 1.Insufficient oxygen supply and tissue c)
3. Perfusion to the wound area.
4. Old age
5. Diabetes and other medical conditions

Benefits of herbal wound healing cream:

 Promote healing

• Red inflammation
• Antimicrobial

 Reduced Risk of Side Effects

 Herbal wound healing creams are generally safe for use on all skin types.

 Herbal creams often contain ingredients that help keep the wound area moisturized, creating an optimal environment for healing.

 Herbal wound healing creams offer a natural and potentially effective alternative for promoting wound healing while minimizing the risk of side effects.

HERBAL INGREDIENTS USED IN FORMULATION :

NEEM (Azadirachta Indica)

Neem trees are widespread in the US, Africa, and India. Because of its therapeutic qualities, it has been utilized in Ayurvedic medicine for four millennia. The tree grows quickly and can grow to a height of 15 to 20 meters. Neem is known by the Sanskrit name Arista. The US National Academy of Sciences published a paper titled "The Neem Tree for Solving Global Problems" in 1992, acknowledging the significance of neem trees. (15)
Wood products include gum, bark, and leaves.

Roles

• Encourage the healing of wounds
•  Redness and Itching
  •     Reduces dry skin

Fig 2. : Neem

TURMERIC (Curcuma Longa)

Turmeric's curcumin reduces oxidation and inflammation, which aids in the healing of wounds. Additionally, it reduces your body's reaction to cutaneous injuries. Your wounds heal more faster as a result.

Roles:

1. Reduced inflammation
2. The antioxidant
3. The antimicrobial
4. The anti-aging

Fig. 3: Turmeric

ALOE VERA (Aloe barbadensis miller)

Growing to a height of 60–100 centimeters, aloe vera is a sensitive or very short stem plant. The leaves are greygreen, thick, and meaty. Aloevera is an aloe species that is mostly recognized for its therapeutic qualities.
Aloe species are common on the continents of Eastern Europe and spread almost everywhere in the world.

Roles :

• Soothes irritated skin
• Anti-inflammatory
• Reduce pain, swelling, and soreness of wounds

Fig.4  Aloe vera

TULSI (Ocimum Tenuiflorum)

One of the most well-known Asian Lamiaceae plants is tulsi, which has been utilized in Ayurvedic treatment for more than 3,000 years. Holy basil is an erect, branchy, hairy undershrub that grows to a height of 30 to 60 cm. The leaves are either purple or green. The tulsi herb has several therapeutic uses. Tulli leaves are nerve tonics, nervine tonics, and memory enhancers.

Roles:

• Used in curing wounds

Anti-inflammatory properties

MATERIAL :

Table 1.

METHOD OF PREPARATION:

1. Extraction of Turmeric:

Mix 1 gram of turmeric powder with 10 milliliters of distilled water that has been heated to between 800 and 1000 degrees Celsius for five to ten minutes in a water bath in a 250 milliliter volumetric flask. Turmeric extract is created after it has been filtered.

2. Extraction of Neem:

Neem leaves are harvested, cleaned with pure water, and then dried in an air oven. After adequately drying, the leaves were ground into a powder. Mix 5 grams of neem powder with 20 milliliters of ethanol at 100 degrees Celsius for five to ten minutes. The solution is clear once it has been filtered via filter paper.

3. Extraction of Aloe Vera:

Mature, healthy, and fresh aloe vera leaves have been collected and cleaned with distilled water. After the leaf was thoroughly dried in a high-temperature oven, the outermost portion was cut longitudinally with a sterile knife. The sterile knife was then used to remove the colorless parenchymatous tissue, or aloe vera gel. It is then filtered through a muslin cloth to get rid of the fibers and contaminants. The preparation was then made using the filtrate, or filter product, which is a transparent aloe vera gel.

4. Extraction of Tulsi:

After being gathered, tulsi leaves were cleaned with distilled water and dried in a hot air oven. After the leaves were properly dried, they were pulverized. Ten milliliters of ethanol and lg tulsi leaf powder were added to a volumetric flask. After that, the mixture was boiled in a water bath for five to ten minutes at 80 to 100 degrees Celsius while being filtered through filter paper and a transparent tulsi leaf extract.

FORMULATION OF CREAM:

The Herbal Cream was prepared by the 4 extracts (turmeric extract, Tulsi extract. Neem extract, Aloe vera extract) . The ingredients for the herbal cream preparation were weighed accurately. The formulation trails were done as per formula given in (Table l). Take Liquid paraffin and bees wax and heat at 75 ⁰C in a borosilicate glass breaker (oil Phase). In another instance, methyl paraben and borax should be dissolved in distilled water. beaker while using a water bath to keep the temperature at 75 ⁰ C. The aqueous phase of the solution should be stirred with a glass rod until all solid particles are dissolved. While continuing to mix, slowly pour the hot aqueous phase into the heated oily phase. Aloe-vera extract. Tulsi extract. Neem extract, and turmeric extract should be added right away after combining the two stages. Glass rod blending should continue until a smooth cream emerges. As a fragrance Rose water should be added as once a cream has formed.

Fig: 5

EVALUATION PARAMETERS:

The formulation was evaluated for different pharmaceutical parameters.

1. Physical evaluation of the formulation:

Appearance:  Semisolid in character

Color: faint Green.

Transparency: Not at all.

Odour: Pleasant

2. Spreadability:

To make things easier, a small amount of cream was applied to the back of the hand. The distribution of the material on the skin was noted.

3. Determination of pH:

A digital pH meter was used to measure the freshly made emulsion's pH at room temperature. The results showed that the formulation's pH was closer to skin pH, making it safe to apply to the skin.

4. Homogeneity Test:

The homogeneity of the formulation was examined by touch and visual inspection.

5. Washability:

The back of the hand was rubbed with a tiny bit of cream and then cleaned with warm water.

6. Consistency:

To test the cream's consistency, a tiny bit of ointment was gently rubbed between the thumb and forefinger. Cream has a smooth consistency.

7. Phase separation:

Cream prepared in a sealed container was stored at a temperature of 25-100⁰Ckeep away from light at 100 ⁰ C. Phase separation was then monitored for a period of 24 hours 30 days. Results show that no phase separation is observed.

8. Irritancy test:

After applying the cream to that location, the time was recorded. A verification procedure is then carried out. Swelling, redness, and irritation may last up to 24 hours. The formulation showed no signs of irritation, redness, or swelling, according to the data.

9. Antimicrobial Activity:

Aloe Vera Turmeric has antibacterial and anti-inflammatory qualities, and infection from bacteria or other environmental microbes may occur after a burn injury.

10.Test for Thermal stability:

The formulation's thermal stability was evaluated using the humidity chamber.

Regulated between 60-70 ⁰ 0 relative humidity and maintained at a temperature of 37±1 ^o c 3)

RESULT:

The efficacy of these therapeutic qualities may be maximized by using this cream as a medium. as effortlessly.
Because they are safer and have fewer adverse effects, natural remedies are favored. Compared to synthetic alternatives, a herbal wound healing composition is safer and less hazardous. Because it contains herbal components, it improves and increases patient adherence. The way we communicate and obtain information has been completely transformed by the internet. The internet has fundamentally altered how we communicate and get information.

.

Physical evaluation characteristics such as pH, physical stability, viscosity, spreadability, skin irritancy test, consistency determination, antibacterial activity, and washability were met by these created herbal wound healing cream formulations. Stability studies were found to be acceptable which were notify Table 2.

Table 2