View Article

Abstract

Artificial intelligence (AI) has emerged as a transformative technology in healthcare, offering advanced capabilities in disease prediction, diagnosis, prognosis, and personalized therapy. In renal healthcare, AI applications have gained significant attention due to the growing global burden of kidney diseases, including chronic kidney disease (CKD), acute kidney injury (AKI), and end-stage renal disease (ESRD). [1] The integration of machine learning (ML), deep learning (DL), and natural language processing (NLP) with clinical, biochemical, imaging, and genomic data has enabled more accurate risk stratification, early disease detection, and optimized treatment strategies. [2] This review critically discusses the current trends in AI applications across various domains of nephrology, including disease prediction, diagnostic imaging, dialysis management, renal transplantation, and drug development. Furthermore, the article highlights regulatory challenges, ethical concerns, data limitations, and future prospects of AI-driven renal healthcare. Emphasis is placed on the relevance of AI for pharmaceutical sciences, particularly in drug discovery, precision dosing, and clinical decision support systems. The review aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of AI’s role in advancing renal healthcare and its potential to reshape future nephrology practice

Keywords

Artificial intelligence, renal healthcare, nephrology, machine learning, chronic kidney disease, pharmaceutical sciences

Reference

  1. Beam AL, Kohane IS. Big data and machine learning in health care. JAMA. 2018;319(13):1317–1318.
  2. Topol EJ. High-performance medicine: the convergence of human and artificial intelligence. Nat Med. 2019;25(1):44–56.
  3. Tangri N, Grams ME, Levey AS, et al. Multinational assessment of accuracy of CKD prognosis equations. JAMA. 2016;315(2):164–174.
  4. Flechet M, Güiza F, Schetz M, et al. AKI prediction using data-driven models in critically ill patients. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol. 2017;12(3):399–408.
  5. Goldstein BA, Navar AM, Pencina MJ, Ioannidis JPA. Opportunities and challenges in developing risk prediction models with electronic health records data. J Am Med Inform Assoc. 2017;24(1):198–208.
  6. Rajkomar A, Dean J, Kohane I. Machine learning in medicine. N Engl J Med. 2019;380(14):1347–1350.
  7. Chen JH, Asch SM. Machine learning and prediction in medicine. N Engl J Med. 2017;376(26):2507–2509.
  8. Krittanawong C, Zhang H, Wang Z, Aydar M, Kitai T. Artificial intelligence in precision cardiovascular medicine. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2017;69(21):2657–2664.
  9. Bae S, Oh TR, Kim CS, et al. Machine learning algorithms for predicting progression of chronic kidney disease. Sci Rep. 2020;10(1):19264–19273.
  10. He J, Baxter SL, Xu J, Xu J, Zhou X, Zhang K. The practical implementation of artificial intelligence technologies in medicine. Nat Med. 2019;25(1):30–36.
  11. Hosny A, Parmar C, Quackenbush J, Schwartz LH, Aerts HJWL. Artificial intelligence in radiology. Nat Rev Cancer. 2018;18(8):500–510.
  12. Liew C. The future of radiology augmented with artificial intelligence. Radiol Clin North Am. 2018;56(2):263–273.
  13. Shortliffe EH, Sepúlveda MJ. Clinical decision support in the era of artificial intelligence. JAMA. 2018;320(21):2199–2200.
  14. Tomašev N, Glorot X, Rae JW, et al. A clinically applicable approach to continuous prediction of future acute kidney injury. Nature. 2019;572(7767):116–119.
  15. Ravizza S, Huschto T, Adamov A, et al. Predicting the early risk of chronic kidney disease. PLOS One. 2020;15(1):227231–227245.
  16. Kwon JM, Kim KH, Jeon KH, et al. Artificial intelligence algorithm for predicting progression to end-stage renal disease. Kidney Res Clin Pract. 2021;40(3):396–405.
  17. Marsh JN, Matlock MK, Kudose S, et al. Deep learning global glomerulosclerosis in transplant kidney frozen sections. IEEE Trans Med Imaging. 2018;37(12):2718–2728.
  18. Hermsen M, de Bel T, den Boer M, et al. Deep learning-based histopathologic assessment of kidney tissue. J Am Soc Nephrol. 2019;30(10):1968–1979.
  19. Kolachalama VB, Singh P, Lin CQ, et al. Association of pathological fibrosis with renal survival using deep neural networks. Kidney Int Rep. 2018;3(2):464–475.
  20. Bueno G, Fernandez-Carrobles MM, Deniz O, et al. Deep learning analysis of histopathological images of kidney tissue. Comput Med Imaging Graph. 2020;80:101688–101697.
  21. Barbieri C, Molina M, Ponce P, et al. Artificial intelligence in dialysis: predictive models for intradialytic hypotension. Clin Kidney J. 2020;13(3):442–450.
  22. Yu J, Chen L, Zhang W, et al. Artificial intelligence for personalized hemodialysis treatment. Artif Intell Med. 2021;113:102025–102033.
  23. Sakurai K, Tominaga Y, et al. Machine learning-based prediction of dialysis complications. Ren Replace Ther. 2020;6(1):32–39.
  24. Kers J, Peters-Sengers H, Heemskerk MBA, et al. Prediction models for delayed graft function using machine learning. Kidney Int. 2021;99(5):1232–1241.
  25. Yoo KD, Noh J, Lee H, et al. A machine learning approach for predicting graft survival. Transplant Proc. 2020;52(7):2091–2098.
  26. Zhavoronkov A, Ivanenkov YA, Aliper A, et al. Deep learning enables rapid identification of potent DDR1 kinase inhibitors. Nat Biotechnol. 2019;37(9):1038–1040.
  27. Chen M, Zhang Y, Wang X, et al. Artificial intelligence in drug discovery for kidney diseases. Drug Discov Today. 2021;26(10):2389–2397.
  28. Van Norman GA. Drugs, devices, and the FDA: Part 2. JACC Basic Transl Sci. 2016;1(4):277–287.
  29. Legrand M, Mebazaa A. Artificial intelligence and big data in nephrology. Nat Rev Nephrol. 2022;18(4):211–213.
  30. Matheny ME, Whicher D, Thadaney Israni S. Artificial intelligence in health care. Nat Biomed Eng. 2020;4(10):863–865.
  31. Kelly CJ, Karthikesalingam A, Suleyman M, Corrado G, King D. Key challenges for delivering clinical impact with AI. BMC Med. 2019;17(1):195–205.
  32. Topol EJ. Preparing the healthcare workforce to deliver the digital future. Lancet. 2019;394(10196):117–122.
  33. Van Norman GA. Drugs, devices, and the FDA: Part 2. JACC Basic Transl Sci. 2016;1(4):277–280
  34. Rajkomar A, Dean J, Kohane I. Machine learning in medicine. N Engl J Med. 2019;380(14):1347–1358.
  35. Thottakkara P, Ozrazgat-Baslanti T, Hupf BB, Rashidi P, Pardalos P, Momcilovic P, et al. Application of machine learning techniques to high-dimensional clinical data to predict AKI. J Crit Care. 2021;31(1):50-56.

Photo
Dr. Akash Yadav
Corresponding author

IPS Academy College of Pharmacy, Knowledge Village, Rajendra Nagar, A.B. Road, Indore - 452012, Madhya Pradesh, India

Photo
Ankur Awasthi
Co-author

IPS Academy College of Pharmacy, Knowledge Village, Rajendra Nagar, A.B. Road, Indore - 452012, Madhya Pradesh, India

Photo
Dr. Dinesh Kumar Jain
Co-author

IPS Academy College of Pharmacy, Knowledge Village, Rajendra Nagar, A.B. Road, Indore - 452012, Madhya Pradesh, India

Ankur Awasthi, Dr. Akash Yadav*, Dr. Dinesh Kumar Jain, Artificial Intelligence in Renal Healthcare: Current Trends and Future Prospects, Int. J. of Pharm. Sci., 2026, Vol 4, Issue 1, 3550-3562. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.18441118

More related articles
Combination Strategies for Gastroretention: A Revi...
Harshita Sharma, Sukhpreet Kaur, Sukhvir Kaur, Barsha Deb, Shaile...
Anogeissus latifolia: A Comprehensive Review of it...
Neha Gupta, Isha Rani, Harsimran Singh, Gobind Singh...
Clitoria ternatea L.: A review of its ethnobotany,...
Dr. Vivek Panchabhai, Vaishnavi Pinjare, Kalyani Atkare, Shraddha...
Related Articles
Analytical And Bioanalytical Methods for The Determination of Naratriptan: A Cri...
Sudarshan Salunke , Mansingh Rajput , Rajendra Patil, Shrikrishna Baokar ...
Formulation and Evaluation of Nitroglycerin Transdermal Patches for Enhanced Tra...
Km .Smriti Dubey , Kumari Meena , R.K Kamble , Anshu Sharma...
Stimulus-Responsive Smart Nanocarriers (Light, Ph, Redox): Mechanisms and Cancer...
Kishor Deshmukh, Prajwal Aher, Dr. Atul Bendale, Dr. Anil Jadhav...
Adverse Drug Effects, Risk Assessment & Treatment Outcomes of Beta Agonist in As...
Aditya Badhe, Yogesh Agrawal, Sakshi Kakde, Anamika Kavitkar...
Combination Strategies for Gastroretention: A Review ...
Harshita Sharma, Sukhpreet Kaur, Sukhvir Kaur, Barsha Deb, Shailesh Sharma...
More related articles
Combination Strategies for Gastroretention: A Review ...
Harshita Sharma, Sukhpreet Kaur, Sukhvir Kaur, Barsha Deb, Shailesh Sharma...
Clitoria ternatea L.: A review of its ethnobotany, phytochemistry and antidiabet...
Dr. Vivek Panchabhai, Vaishnavi Pinjare, Kalyani Atkare, Shraddha Belkunde, Namrata Shivankar, Aarti...
Combination Strategies for Gastroretention: A Review ...
Harshita Sharma, Sukhpreet Kaur, Sukhvir Kaur, Barsha Deb, Shailesh Sharma...
Clitoria ternatea L.: A review of its ethnobotany, phytochemistry and antidiabet...
Dr. Vivek Panchabhai, Vaishnavi Pinjare, Kalyani Atkare, Shraddha Belkunde, Namrata Shivankar, Aarti...