1,2,4,5 R.G.S. College of Pharmacy, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India 226203.
3 D.K.R.R Pharmacy College (Dev Kumari Rajaram Pharmacy Shikshan Sansthan), Sitapur, Uttar Pradesh, India 261303
The current study used mulethi (liquorice root), nutmeg, and cinnamon bark to create and assess a polyherbal face scrub. The formulation was created to address important skin care issues, including improving natural skin radiance, eliminating dead skin cells, and preventing acne. Mulethi was used for its calming and whitening benefits, nutmeg for exfoliating and regeneration, and cinnamon bark for its strong antibacterial qualities. Physicochemical analysis, stability testing, and biological tests were performed on the produced scrub. Its therapeutic potential was determined by evaluating its antimicrobial and antifungal efficacy against common skin infections. According to the findings, the polyherbal scrub significantly inhibited microbial development, demonstrating its efficacy in supporting healthy, glowing skin. This study emphasises the potential of herbal formulations, which combine therapeutic advantages for general skin health with exfoliation, as safe, natural alternatives in cosmetic applications.
A face scrub is an effective way to cleanse the skin, remove dirt, grime, and oil from the pores, maintain elasticity, and promote the regeneration of skin cells. It exfoliates the skin and stimulates blood circulation, while also eliminating dead skin cells. The ideal properties of face scrubs are mild abrasiveness and non-aggressiveness. Herbal exfoliating scrub helps to reduce the effects of age-related changes on the skin and neutralises the damage caused by the environment. It can be used to technically clean the surface of the skin or to remove dead skin cells by using herbal products with anti- aging, vitamin, antioxidant, and antiseptic properties [1].
The scrub is suitable for all skin types. Three different skin types are sensitive, oily, and dry skin. After using the scrub gel, gentle massage is recommended to stimulate blood circulation and oxygenate all skin areas. A facial scrub is a cosmetic or a beauty product used to exfoliate and clean the skin on the face and body. Blackheads, whiteheads, sebum, and skin cells can all be removed with the help of facial scrubs. It also supports keeping skin looking good.
Scrubbing is utilized to treat every skin condition, regardless of the type of skin The skin’s surface needs to be cleaned frequently in order to remove grime, sebum, and other secretions, dead cells, crusts, and makeup that has been applied in order to stay healthy and attractive [2].
Oily skin, sensitive skin, and dry skin are the three different types of skin. Use the face scrub, which has hydrating and moisturizing, components, if you have dry skin. A gentle scrub should be used if the person has sensitive skin. Face scrubs should be used twice or three times a week, depending on the kind of skin. But it’s advised to use face washes once a week for beginners [3].
Fig no: - 1.1
The cosmetics, according to the Drugs and Cosmetics Act is characterized as articles intended to be rubbed, poured, sprinkled or sprayed on, introduced into or otherwise applied to the human body or any part there for cleansing, beautifying, advancing attractiveness or modifying the appearance. The cosmetic does not come beneath the preview of drug license” [4].
These are the makeup which are prepared utilizing plant products having cosmetic actions. Recently the utilize of botanicals in beauty care products have expanded primarily due to the mild action and non- toxic nature. In cosmetics, both natural and Phyto-ingredients are utilized. Natural products Include oils, extracts, secretions etc. Phytoingredients include unadulterated constituents obtained by different process [5].
1.5 Advantages [8]
1.6 Disadvantage [9]
1.7 Application of Face Scrub
1.2.1 SKIN
One of the body's major organs is the skin. It is an important organ that protects other sections of the body. The skin serves as a barrier, shielding everything beneath it from everyday dangers like the sun, wind, and germ-filled dirt. No amount of cleaning can eradicate the ecology of microorganisms that the skin supports, such as bacteria and yeast. Another sense organ that reveals a person's health is their skin. It is made up of substances like amino acids, fats, and carbohydrates, among others, thus skin needs a balanced diet to remain clear, shiny, and healthy [10].
Fig no -1.2
In order to avoid harm and restore tissue function, this inflammatory response involves many cellular and vascular routes with particular humoral discharges. Numerous pro and anti-inflammatory cytokines, including IL-1b, IL-6, IL-1a, and TNF-α, which regulate neutrophil migration to endothelial cells, may also be triggered by certain receptor cells [11].
When many danger signals are encountered, neutrophils will release inflammatory cytokines into the bloodstream. Additionally, by phagocytosing injured cells and other invasive infections, monocytes will develop into tissue macrophages. To create a stable and uniform gel, add the nutmeg ethanol extract to combination B and combine with methylparaben. Additionally, once the bubbles are eliminated, the nutmeg extract gels must be kept in a firmly sealed container for a full day [12].
The best method for frequent and prolonged medication use to sustain plasma concentration over long periods of time is transdermal delivery. Compared to oral drug delivery, transdermal drug delivery has fewer adverse effects and a lower dosage.
Herbal penetration enhancers can take the place of synthetic ones as the latter have a number of negative effects. Numerous studies support the use of herbs as penetration enhancers, such as menthol and cineole. The study's goal was to investigate the development of a transdermal gel formulation containing Diclofenac sodium using Myristica fragrans, or nutmeg, as a herbal penetration enhancer. The seeds of Myristicafragrans, a member of the Myristecaceae family, are used to make nutmeg [13].
Various herbs have been utilized for cleaning, beautifying, and managing them since ancient times. The skin on the face makes up the majority of the body, indicating the health of a person. Applying the scrub gel, which enhances blood circulation and boosts oxygen flow to all skin surfaces, is advised with a gentle message. Antioxidants are useful in preventing and lessening UV-induced skin damage and ageing. Additionally, when used, antioxidant chemicals can reduce oxidation and remove free radicals. used topically to the skin can stop oxidative damage caused by UV light [14].
Herbal components have become more popular in supplementary medicine, and they may be used in cosmetic formulations to prevent environmental damage and fight indications of ageing. Numerous physiological factors contribute to the pathophysiology of acne. These include increased sebum production as a result of elevated androgen levels, follicular hyperproliferation, and the colonization of organisms such as Propionibacterium acnes and Staphylococcus epidermidis. Variations in target cell sensitivity, biological markers, neuro-endocrine, genetic, and environmental factors are among the novel concepts that have surfaced to assist better understand its pathophysiology. Numerous synthetic and botanical compounds are said to have a significant positive impact on acne vulgaris. It is also called licorice, liquor ice, glycyrrhiza, sweet wood, and Liquidities radix [15,16].
Japan has a wide range of applications for the licorice chemical constituents, which occur 70% in food products (glycyrrhizin), 26% in medicinal cosmetics (glabridin), and 4% in tobacco, along with other uses. Their use was widely implemented in commercial products, especially in cosmetic products, for its good whitening effect. The mace and the extracted nutmeg can inhibit the growth of gram- negative and positive bacteria. Based on research, the bacteria inhibited by nutmeg extracts are Escherichia coli and Staphyloccocusaureus [17,18,23].
1.2.2 Herbal Cosmetics for Various Types of Skin. [27]
Example-
1.2.3. Ideal Properties of Scrub. [28]
1.2.4. Precaution should take while applying scrub
1.3.1. Multiple benefits for Scrubbing the Skin For a squeaky-clean skin
Scrubbing gives you clean skin, free from dirt, oil, and sweat. Actually, the bottles of cleansing milk, face wash and facial cleansers cannot pull out all the dust that accumulates in the pores of your skin. Scrubbing does this job successfully.
1.3.2. Frees your skin from flakes Flaky
skin gives rise to dry patches. It allows dead cells accumulate over time. Scrubbing your skin can help you deal with effectively.
1.3.3. Helps in removing dead cells
Dead cells make your skin look dull and tired. Scrub them off with a gentle scrub.
1.3.4. Adds glow to skin
Exfoliation can actually make your skin glow.
1.3.5. Removes dark patches
. It is especially effective on knuckles, elbows and knees.
1.3.6. Removes acne scars
Exfoliation helps in doing away with acne scars.
1.3.7. Prevents ingrown hair
Ingrown hair is a perennial problem and scrubbing is the solution to prevent this problem.
1.3.8. For smooth skin
Smooth skin is the key to a more beautiful you. The scrub will not only make your skin look flawlessly smooth, but will also make it soft and well-nourished.
1.3.9 Improves the texture of sour skin
Scrubbing your skin gives you clean and smooth skin with an improved texture.
1.3.10. Prevents ingrown hair
Ingrown hair is a perennial problem and scrubbing is the solution to prevent this problem.
1.3.11. For smooth skin
Smooth skin is the key to a more beautiful you. The scrub will not only make your skin look flawlessly smooth, but will also make it soft and well-nourished.
1.3.12. Improves the texture of sour skin
Scrubbing your skin gives you clean and smooth skin with an improved texture.
1.3.13. Promotes Clear Complexion
As soon as the flakes, dead cells, blemishes and accumulated impurities are done away. The scrub has natural skin whitening ingredient; the effect is even better.
1.4.1. Difference Between Synthetic Products and Herbal
Table no.1.1
|
Sr.no. |
Synthetic scrub |
Herbal Scrub |
|
1 |
Synthetic product is may be slightly harmful chemicals as they are synthically derived. |
Herbal products are completely free from all the harmful chemicals as they are naturally derived. |
|
2 |
More side effect than herbal product. |
Herbal refer to products that are prepared from plants for their medicinal value |
|
3 |
They may be harmful for sensitive skin |
safe to use as compared to chemical-based cosmetics |
|
4 |
Synthetic refer to product that are prepared from chemicals. |
Synthetic refer to product that are prepared from chemicals |
|
5 |
E.g. Cetaphil Extra gentle daily scrub |
E.g. Plum Green Tea gentle revival face scrub |
1.5.1 POLYMER PROFILE
Name -Carbopol 940
Generic Name- CarboxypolyMethylene
Synonym- Acri tamer 940; Acrypol 940; Carbopol 940; Carbopol 940LR; Carbopol CV
Molecular Formula-(C3H4O2) n
Fig no- 1.3
Molecular Weight- 72.06
Melting Point – 12.5 C.
Boiling Point -116 C.
Solubility- When neutralized with alkali hydroxide or amine it dissolves in water, alcohol and glycerin
Mechanism of Action-The broad -spectrum mechanism of Carbopol 940, a highly carboxylate polymer made cross-linked polyacrylic acid, is based on the acidification of microorganisms.
Density-1.2g/ml at 25 C.
Uses- Acrylic is used to make the polymer Carbopol. Because Carbopol is non-toxic and non-irritating, it is suitable for use in gel preparation Carbopol 940 is commonly used as a gelling agent preparation. When using Carbopol 940 as a gelling agent, care must be taken to obtain an acceptable gel preparation
1.6.1 DRUG PROFILE
Fig no – 1.4 Nutmeg
1.6.2 DRUG PROFILE
Fig no- 1.5 Cinnamon bar
1.6.3 DRUG PROFILE
Fig no-1.6 Mulethi
2.2 NEED OF THE STUDY
Herbal medications are considered safer than synthetic drugs; therefore, the current formulations can be recommended as an effective tool for managing and Nutmeg, cinnamon bark, Mulethi.
Various topical herbal formulations for face scrub containing are available in the market; we propose to make use of Nutmeg, cinnamon bark, Mulethi extract for getting better results.
To improve physiological and pharmacological response.
2.4 PLAN OF WORK
METHODOLOGI
3.1 PREFORMULATION STUDES
Testing a drug substance's physical and chemical characteristics both by itself and in conjunction with excipients that are suggested to be used in the formulation process. Preformulation studies are intended to provide all relevant information, including the physical-chemical, physical-mechanical, and biological characteristics of medicinal ingredients, excipients, packaging materials, and compatibility. The main goal of preformulation testing is to produce data that will help the formulator create stable and bioavailable dosage forms that are able to be manufactured.
3.1.1 Collection of Plant Material.
Identified fresh fruit and steam and bark of collected ingredient were purchase from local super market from of BKT, Lucknow, Utter Pradesh , India.
3.1.2 Selection of excipients
Selection of base
The main objective of the present study was to prepare a poly-herbal face scrub incorporated, hence gel base are used.
Carbapol940: - Gelling agent
In this preparation carbapol-940 are used to prepare gel Because, Carbapol-940 contain good consistency and gel become whiter or clear.
Propylene glycol: - Moisturizer
This transparent liquid is one of the best moisturisers and a humectant.
Triethanolamine: - Neutralizer
It is a common surfactant found in cosmetics, cleaning supplies, and personal hygiene items. Lower quantities of SLS are also found in personal care and home items.
Distilled Water: - Solvent
It functions as a hydrating agent and is a universal solvent. After conducting a number of experimental experiments, the excipients for the creation of an herbal face scrubbing natural exfoliant were chosen. The excipients consist of glycerine as a humectant, propylene glycol as a moisturiser, carbapol-940 as a gelling agent, phenol ethanol as a preservative, and triethanolamine as a pH neutraliser.
3.2 Extraction Process
3.2.1 Soxhlet: (Mulethi)
3.3 Cold maceration.
3.3.1 Cinnamon bark:
3.3.2 Nutmeg:
3.4 Phytochemical Analysis of Cinnamon bark, Nutmeg, Mulethi
Test for proteins
3.4.1 Millon’s test
When crude extract and two millilitres of Millon's reagent were combined, a white precipitate formed that became red when heated gently, indicating the presence of protein.
3.4.2 Ninhydrin test
When crude extract was heated with two millilitres of a 0.2% Ninhydrin solution, a violet hue emerged, indicating the presence of proteins and amino acids.
Test for carbohydrates
3.4.3 Fehling’s test
After combining an equal amount of Fehling A and Fehling B reagents, 2 millilitres of the mixture was added to the crude extract and brought to a gentle boil. Reducing sugars were present when a brick-red precipitate formed at the test tube's bottom.
3.4.4 Benedict’s test
When two millilitres of Benedict's reagent were added to crude extract and heated, a reddish-brown precipitate developed, indicating the presence of carbohydrates.
3.4.5 Molisch’s test
Two millilitres of Molisch's reagent were combined with crude extract, and the mixture was well shaken. Next, 2 millilitres of concentrated H2SO4 were gently added to the test tube's side. The presence of carbohydrates was suggested by the appearance of a violet ring during interphase.
3.4.6 Iodine test
2 millilitres of iodine solution were combined with crude extract.
The presence of the carbohydrate was indicated by a dark blue or purple hue.
3.4.7 Test for phenols and tannins.
Two millilitres of a 2% FeCl3 solution were combined with crude extract. Phenols and tannins were identified by a blue-green or black hue.
Test for flavonoids
3.5.1 Shinoda test
A little amount of magnesium ribbon was combined with crude extract, then strong HCl was applied dropwise. After a few minutes, a pink-scarlet hue emerged, signifying the presence of flavonoids.
3.5.2 Alkaline reagent test
Two millilitres of a 2% NaOH solution were combined with crude extract. The presence of flavonoids was revealed by the formation of a bright yellow hue that went colourless when a few drops of diluted acid were added.
3.5.3Test for saponins
In a test tube, crude extract and 5 millilitres of distilled water were combined, and the mixture was violently agitated. The development of steady foam was interpreted as a sign that saponins were present.
Test for glycosides
3.6.1 Liebermann’s test
Two millilitres of acetic acid and two millilitres of chloroform were combined with crude extract. Ice was used to chill the concoction H2SO4 that had been carefully condensed was added. The presence of a steroidal nucleus, or the glycone part of a glycoside, was indicated by a colour shift from violet to blue to green.
3.6.2 Salkowski’s test
Two millilitres of chloroform were combined with crude extract. After that, 2 millilitres of concentrated H2SO4 were added with caution and gently shaken. The existence of the steroidal ring, or the glycone part of the glycoside, was indicated by a reddish brown hue.
3.6.3 Killer-Kilani test
Crude extract was combined with two millilitres of glacial acetic acid that contained one or two drops of a 2% FeCl3 solution. After that the mixture was transferred into another test tube that included two millilitres of concentrated H2SO4. Heart glycosides were identified by a brown ring in the interphase.
3.7 Test for steroid
After combining the crude extract with two millilitres of chloroform, concentrated H2SO4 was added sidewise. The presence of steroids was revealed by the bottom chloroform layer becoming red. Crude extract and two millilitres of chloroform were combined for another test. Next, two millilitres of acetic acid and concentrated H2SO4 were added to the mixture. Steroids were detected by the appearance of a greenish tint.
3.8 Test for terpenoids
Two millilitres of chloroform were used to dissolve the crude extract, which was then dried by evaporation. After adding 2 millilitres of concentrated H2SO4, it was heated for around two minutes. Terpenoids were recognised by a greyish hue.
3.9 Test for alkaloids
Two millilitres of 1% HCl were combined with crude extract and gently heated. The mixture was then supplemented with Mayer's and Wagner's reagents. The ensuing precipitate's turbidity was seen as proof that alkaloids were present.
3.10 PHYTOCHEMICAL SCREEING
Table no. 3.1 Phytochemical screening
|
Phytochemical |
Test |
Observation |
Inference |
||
|
|
|
|
Cinnamon Bark |
Nutmeg |
Mulethi |
|
Protein
|
Millon’s test |
red |
+ |
+ |
+ |
|
Ninhydrin test |
violet |
- |
- |
- |
|
|
Carbohydrate |
Fehling’s test |
Brick red |
- |
- |
- |
|
Benedict’s test |
Reddish brown ppt |
+ |
+ |
+ |
|
|
Molisch’s test |
Violet ring |
+ |
+ |
+ |
|
|
Iodine test |
Dark blue or purple |
- |
- |
- |
|
|
Phenols & Tannins |
|
Blue-green Or black |
+ |
- |
+ |
|
Flavonoids |
Alkaline test |
yellow |
+ |
+ |
+ |
|
Shinoda test |
Pink scarlet |
- |
- |
- |
|
|
Saponins |
|
vigorously |
- |
- |
- |
|
Glycosides |
Lieberman’s test |
violet to blue to green |
+ |
- |
- |
|
Salkowski’s test |
reddish brown |
+ |
+ |
+ |
|
|
Keller-Kilani test |
brown ring |
+ |
+ |
+ |
|
|
Steroid |
……. |
greenish |
+ |
+ |
+ |
|
Terpenoids |
……. |
grayish |
+ |
+ |
+ |
|
Alkaloid |
……. |
precipitate |
+ |
+ |
+ |
3.11 Preparation of Herbal Extracts-
Cinnamon bark: - Prepared by extracting cinnamon bark with ethanol using a Cold maceration.
Fig.no.3.1 cinnamon bark
Nutmeg: -Prepared by extracting nutmeg with ethanol using a Cold maceration.
Fig.no.3.2 Nutmeg
Mulethi: -Prepared by extracting mulethi with ethanol using a Soxhlet apparatus.
Fig.no.3.3 Mulethi
3.12 Formulation of Poly herbal face scrub.
Formulation of the polyherbal scrub was done as per the formula given in the table 1. Three formulas, F1, F2, and F3 were planned to formulate the polyherbal face scrub and the following steps were involved in the preparation of the formulation.
Fig.no. 3.4 Polyherbal face scrub
3.13 Formulation Table.
The composition of herbal prepared form powered extract of cinnamon bark, Nutmeg, mulethi root coded as F1, F2 and F3 is tabulated in table.
Table no. 3.2 Formulation table
|
Sr.no |
Ingredients |
F1 |
F2 |
F3 |
|
1 |
Cinnamon bark extraction |
2ml |
2ml |
2 ml |
|
2 |
Nutmeg fruit extraction |
2ml |
2ml |
2ml |
|
3 |
Mulethi root extraction |
3ml |
2ml |
2ml |
|
4 |
Cinnamon bark powder |
2 gm |
1 gm |
1gm |
|
5 |
Carbopol 940 |
1gm |
0.5 gm |
1.5gm |
|
6 |
Sodium Benzoate |
0.1gm |
0.1gm |
0.1gm |
|
7 |
Sodium lauryl sulphate |
1gm |
2gm |
3gm |
|
8 |
Triethnolamine |
2ml |
2ml |
2ml |
|
9 |
Propylene Glycol |
2ml |
2ml |
2ml |
|
10 |
Distilled water |
20ml |
20ml |
20 ml |
4. RESULT AND DISCUSSION
4.1 EVALUATION PARAMETER OF POLYHERBAL SCRUB
4.1.1 Appearance
Visual observation was done to evaluate colour, odour, and consistency of the prepared face scrub.
4.1.2. Measurement of pH: -
The pH of polyherbal face scrub was determined using digital pH meter. 2 gm face scrub was stirred in distilled water till a uniform suspension is formed. The volume was made up to 40 ml and pH of the solution was measured.
Result of pH Range: - The pH and all base formulation ranged between 6.32 to 6.79 face scrub.
Fig no.4.1 pH measurement
4.1.3 Spreadability: -
A small amount of gel was applied to a glass slide, and another glass slide was placed on top of the face scrub. A wooden weight was then placed on the setup. The time taken for the face scrub to spread and the resulting area covered were measured. The amount of face scrub and the area it spread to on the glass slide indicate the efficiency of the saec
Spreadability. S = M.L\T
Were,
S = Spreadability g.cm\sec.
M = weight on upper side gm.
L = length of glass side cm.
T= Time taken to separate slide from one another sec.
Fig no.4.2. Spreadability
4.1.4 Washability:
Little quantity of face scrub was spread on the skin and was washed with water to check whether formulated face scrub was easily washable.
Fig no.4.3. Washability
4.1.5 Viscosity: -
Brookfield viscometer was used to measure the viscosity of face scrub. The Brookfield viscometer was spume at 300 rpm with spindle L4. Each study was taken after the sample made equilibrium.
Fig no.4.4. viscosity
4.1.6 Foamability: -
In a graduated measuring cylinder, a little amount of face scrub was agitated with water, and the amount of foam was measured.
Fig no.4.5. Foamability
4.1.7 Irritability: -
After applying a little amount of the face scrub to the skin and leaving it there for a few minutes, it was discovered to be non-irritating.
4.1.8 Grittiness: -
A few gritty particles were discovered in the face scrub.
4.2 Physical Appearance: -
The colour of the polyherbal face wash formulation F1, F2, F3 were found to be Characteristic with consistency semisolid which was to be smooth on application.
4.2.1 pH Determination: -
The pH of polyherbal face scrub preparation range 6.32to 6.92 that suited the face or skin indicating the compatibility of poli herbal face scrub preparation with the using skin purposes.
4.2.2 Spread ability: -
The spread ability plays the main part in patient compliance and helps in uniform usage of the gel. A good face scrub takes less duration to spread and will have excellent spread ability.
4.3 Formulation and evaluation polyherbal face scrub was prepared
Table no.4.1 Observation table
|
Evaluation |
F1 |
F2 |
F3 |
|
Physical appearance |
Uniform paste |
Uniform paste |
Thick paste |
|
Spread ability |
2.5 |
5.2 |
2.2 |
|
Homogeneity |
Moderate cinnamon |
Moderate nutmeg |
Low mulethi |
|
pH |
6.32 |
6.38 |
6.92 |
4.4 Anti-microbial activity: -
4.4.1 Anti-microbial screening
Table. No. 4.2 Antimicrobial Screening
|
Formulation code |
Zone of inhibition (cm) |
Remark |
|
F1 |
2 cm |
Highest activity |
|
F2 |
1.7 cm |
Moderate activity |
|
F3 |
0.4 cm |
Low activity |
|
EF1 |
No inhibition |
No activity |
|
EF2 |
0.6 cm |
Moderate activity |
|
EF3 |
0.2 cm |
Low activity |
|
FG1 |
0.5 cm |
Moderate activity |
|
FG2 |
0.3.2 cm |
Low activity |
|
FG3 |
No inhibition |
No activity |
|
Control |
1.4 cm |
Good activity |
4.4.2 Anti-microbial activity zone of inhibition
Fig no 4.6 (F1, F2, F3)
Fig no 4.7 (EF1, EF2, EF3)
Fig no 4.8 (FG1, FG2, FG3)
Sample Name: -
4.4.3 Physical Appearance: -
Phytochemical evaluation of formulation polyherbal face scrub
Table no. 4.3
|
SR.NO |
PARAMETERS |
OBSERVATION |
|
1 |
Colour |
Brown Light |
|
2 |
Order |
Characteristic |
|
3 |
Consistency |
batter |
|
4 |
pH |
6.79 to 6.92 |
|
5 |
Viscosity |
1.6987 poise |
|
6 |
Spreadability |
2.5cm/sec |
|
7 |
Washability |
Easily Washable |
|
8 |
Grittiness |
Small gritty particles |
|
9 |
Foam ability |
Foam value 30 ml at 10 minutes |
|
10 |
Irritability |
Non irritant |
|
11 |
Extrudability |
Easily extruded |
DISCUSSION
The polyherbal face scrub formulations (F1, F2, F3) containing cinnamon bark, nutmeg, and mulethi were successfully prepared and evaluated. All three showed acceptable physical parameters such as smooth texture, pleasant odour, and skin-friendly pH.
Overall, the evaluation confirmed that F2 was the most balanced and universally acceptable formulation, while F1 and F3 can be tailored for specific skin types.
The antimicrobial activity against E-coli showed that all formulations possess antibacterial properties, with F1 & F2 showing comparatively better effectiveness.
CONCLUSION
The polyherbal face scrub formulations (F1, F2, F3) prepared with cinnamon bark, nutmeg, and mulethi were successfully developed and evaluated for key cosmetic parameters. All three showed acceptable physical properties and skin-friendly pH. Among them, F2 proved to be the most balanced formulation, combining effective exfoliation, soothing action, and user acceptability. F1 was more suitable for oily/acne-prone skin due to its stronger exfoliating effect, while F3 was gentler and better suited for sensitive skin.
REFERENCES
Omkar Chaurasiya, Rahul Singh Yadav, Yash Srivastav, Abhigyan, Pranav Mishra, Development and In Vitro Anti-Microbial Evaluation of a Bioactive Polyherbals Face Scrub, Int. J. of Pharm. Sci., 2026, Vol 4, Issue 5, 4595-4614. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20272069
10.5281/zenodo.20272069
