The Herbal Hue: A Comprehensive Research on the Formulation and Evaluation of Natural Hair Dyes

In the past, many plant-based coloring agents, such as henna, chamomile, indigo, and others, were used to give silver hair a typical dark hue. However, instead of the black colour, people's hair turned red to copper. Loss of variety in hair is because of fluctuated reasons like hereditary impact, impact of natural variables, utilization of alcoholic arrangements, and so forth. However long-lasting engineered hair colours are accessible in changed variety and reaches hold regular brilliance, they have the main burden of creating overly sensitive responses in certain people.[1] Certain hair colours that are marketed as ordinary contain 13% phenylenediamine, a designed hair colour that stains clothing and skin when used. An object made entirely of plant materials was deemed necessary. This is safe to use and does not have the problems of quickly affecting responses or leaving skin discoloured while in use. Using a combination of different plant materials, the details in the current investigation are designed to obtain a regular dark variety.[1] In light of the experiences of a few groups that used various plant materials to shade their hair without experiencing any problems with irritability, sensitivity, or responsiveness, this examination was set up.  The creation of safe and natural hair colorants is the primary goal of the current study.[2]

Role Of Ingredients Used in The Formulation of Herbal Hair Dye

A. Henna

Henna likewise lessens untimely turning grey of hair, since it is stacked with tannins, a plant compound found in a tea that adds to their rich shading. Henna contains vitamin E, which assists with mellowing hair. The natural leaves of the plant are rich in proteins and antioxidants that support hair health.[3]

B. Amla

Amla powder upgrades the retention of calcium, assisting with making better bones, teeth, nails, and hair. It keeps up with the hair tone and forestalls untimely turning Gray, reinforces the hair follicles. Amla is the most extravagant and concentrated type of Vitamin C alongside tannins found among the plants. The Vitamin C found in the natural product predicaments with tannins that safeguard it from being lost by intensity or light.[3] This amla powder is additionally plentiful in tannins, minerals like Calcium, Phosphorus, Fe and amino corrosive. The natural product extricate is valuable for hair development and decrease balding. Amla has antibacterial and cell reinforcement properties that can assist with advancing the development of solid and shiny hair.

D. Shikakai

Shikakai is an astonishing spice that is ordinarily tracked down in the tropical woods of India. Shikakai is a strong normal home grown plant that keeps on being utilized by age to age. Shikakai otherwise called "Acacia Concinna"for a long time presently, has been utilized as hair care fixing to clean their hair and reason is its various natural properties. Shikakai is otherwise called the hair natural product as it gives various supplements to the hair and speeds up development. Shikakai contains high purifying properties, in this manner it works best as a cleanser substitution. Shikakai is plentiful in cell reinforcements and nutrients like A, C, and K which makes a difference in keeping the hair healthy and shiny.[3]

E. Powdered tea

Tea, which is high in polyphenols, selenium, copper, phytoestrogens, and melatonin, has long been used as a hair colorant in Ayurvedic and traditional Chinese medicine.[4]

F. Hibiscus

It is excellent for increasing the movement of hair development. Calcium, phosphorus, iron, vitamin B1, vitamin C, riboflavin, and niacin are typically added to hibiscus to promote the growth of thicker hair and reduce premature graying of the hair. This flower is used to deal with dandruff. By supplying flavonoids, such as anthocyanins and other phenolic components, hibiscus has cancer-prevention agent qualities. It can be used to restore the hair by molding.

G. Jatamansi

To encourage hair development, jatamansi roots are ground into a paste and applied to the scalp. Extracted jatamansi hair oil lessens bald spots and promotes hair growth while decreasing hair loss. In addition to being used as a natural dye, jatamansi hair oils give hair a black hue. An essential ayurvedic medication, jatamansi is utilized in many traditional medical systems, including siddha, Unani, and ayurveda. Its roots and rhizomes are used to treat nervous headaches, low and high blood pressure, cardiac tonics, laxatives, and tranquilizers.[4]

H. Powdered indigo

Each hair strand becomes more grounded as a result of indigo powder's ability to nourish and condition the hair's foundations. When combined with coconut oil, indigo powder prevents scalp illness, promotes the scalp with all of the vitamins, and improves and grounds hair.

J. Lavender oil

Research has shown that lavender oil stimulates hair growth and produces thicker-than-expected hair. Studies have shown that lavender oil can improve disorders like alopecia or hair sparseness. Due to its antibacterial properties, lavender oil prevents the growth of parasites and germs. When applied to the scalp, lavender oil can aid in the treatment of microbiological illnesses.[5] It can be used to cure dandruff and troublesome scalps, as well as to further develop infections.

K. Rosemary

Rosemary is very common and works well as an open spice. It has sparse, needle-like leaves that are green in color and have a strong, acrid scent. It is generally helpful in terms of its promises to hair, according to all accounts. Here is a brief summary of its benefits and uses for hair. Hair Growth: Promotes hair growth by enhancing and stimulating circulation to the scalp. Hair Cleanser: It gently cleans hair because of its antibacterial properties. Shine: Enhances gleam. Relieves dry, flaky, itchy, and dandruff-prone scalps.[5]

MATERIALS AND METHODS

MATERIALS

Table 1: The composition of formulation is reflected in the following table.[6]

Methods

For the preparation of herbal hair dye, we have selected different herbal ingredients such as Henna, Reetha, Amal, Shikakai, Bhrinjraj, Tea powder, Lavender oil, Rosemary, Gulvel, Indigo powder, Brahmi, Jatamansi, Pepper mint, Hibiscus powder etc.

1. 1. This all ingredients were collected from the authorized stores of the local market in the powdered form.
   2. The all the ingredients was weighed and passed through Sieve no. 24.
   3. Then all ingredients were mixed uniformly to prepare homogenous mixture of a powder form of dye.
   4. The homogenous mixture was weighed and packed in a plastic bag. [7,8]

Evaluation Of the Herbal Hair Dye

1. 1. Organoleptic evaluation of hair dye:
      1. Colour of formulation
      2. Odour of Formulation
      3. Appearance
      4. Texture
   2. Physio - chemical evaluation:

The physical and chemical features of the herbal hair dye were evaluated to determine the pH, its moisture content for the purpose of stability, compatibility and the amount of inorganic matter present in it.[9]

0. 3. Phytochemical evaluation:
1. Molisch’s test
   • • • Take 1 gm of sample in dry test tube
       • Take 2 ml of distilled water in a sample
       • Add 2 to 3 drops of Molisch’s reagent to solution
       • Observe colour change at junction of two layers
2. Volatile oil test:
   • • • Sample + alcoholic solution of Sudan III
       • Observe the colour
3. Mayer’s test (For alkaloid):
   • • • Sample + Mayer’s reagent
       • Observe the colour

4. Rheological evaluation:

• Bulk Density:
  • • • Weigh accurately 5gm of powdered dye and transfer in 100ml of measuring cylinder. Carefully level the powder blend without compacting, and read the unsettled apparent value.
      • Bulk density= Bulk mass/Bulk volume[9]
• Tapped Density:
  • • • Weigh accurately 5gm of powder dye and transfer in 100ml measuring cylinder.
      • Then precisely tap the chamber containing the example by raising the chamber and permitting it to drop under its own weight utilizing mechanical tapped thickness analyser at ostensible pace of 300 drops each moment.[10]
      • Tapped Density = Mass/Tapped volume
• % Carr’s index=

(Tapped density- Bulk density)/ tapped density*100

• Housner’s Ratio =

Tapped density/Bulk density

• Patch test:

This normally include spotting the limited quantity of watery arrangement of hair color behind the ear on or internal elbow in a space 1sq.cm and passing on it to dry. The indication of disturbance or feeing of non-health is noted, if any. Estimated and little amounts of the pre-arranged hair

Application Of Hair Dye

The pack, which is as powder, ought to be utilized week after week on wet hair, shaping a glue of in water with ideal consistency.

It ought to be applied uniformly on the hair with the assistance of a brush, covering the roots to the hair tip The scalp ought to be covered.

 It should be left for 2-3 hours on the scalp for complete drying.

Then it should be removed by washing with plain water.[10]

RESULT AND DISCUSSION

1. 1. Organoleptic Evaluation:

Table 2: Organoleptic Evaluation

Table 3: Physico-Chemical Evaluation of Herbal Hair Dye

1. 2. Phytochemical Evaluation:
      1. Molisch’s Test

Appearance of purple colour indicates the presence of carbohydrates.[11]

1. 1. 2. Volatile Oil Test

It gives red colour Indicates Volatile oils are present.

1. 1. 3. Mayer’s Test

It gives yellow precipitation, indicates alkaloids are present.

1. 3. Phytochemical Evaluation

1. Rheological evaluation:

2. Patch test:

c) Stability testing: