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Abstract

The abstract of a study on the photochemical and pharmacogenetic properties of hibiscus would summaries the research conducted on the plant and its active chemical compounds, as well as the plant's traditional medicinal uses. The study would start by introducing the plant species hibiscus and its historical use in traditional medicine. It would then go on to describe the methods used to extract and identify the phytochemical compounds found in the plant, such as alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, and terpenoids. The pharmacogenetic properties of hibiscus, such as its morphology, anatomy, and microscopy, would also be studied and described in detail. This information would be used to establish the plant's authenticity and quality control. Finally, the study would discuss the biological activities and potential therapeutic uses of hibiscus and its phytochemical compounds This could include anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antibacterial, and anti-tumor effects. In conclusion, the abstract of this study would provide a comprehensive overview of the phytochemical and pharmacognostic properties of hibiscus and its potential as a source of natural remedies.

Keywords

Types of Ayurvedic Herbal Shampoo, Organic herbal shampoo,dandruff, using herbal bactraical shampoo

Introduction

Shampoos are probably the most widely used cosmetic products for cleansing hairs and scalp in our daily life (Ishi, 1997). A shampoo is basically a solution of a detergent containing suitable additives for other benefits such as hair-conditioning enhancement, lubrication, medication etc. Now-a-days many synthetic, herbal, medicated and non medicated shampoos are available in the market but popularity of herbal shampoo among consumers is on rise because of their belief that these products being of natural origin are safe and free from side effects (Manikar and Jolly, 2001). Synthetic surfactants are added to shampoo primarily for the foaming and cleansing action but their regular use leads to dryness of hairs, hair loss, irritation to scalp and eyes (Potluri et al., 2013). Herbal formulations are considered as alternative to synthetic shampoo but formulating cosmetics using completely natural raw material is a difficult task (Shinde et al., 2013). There are large numbers of medicinal plants which are reported to have beneficial effects on hair and are commonly used in formulation of shampoo (Firthouse, 2009). These plant products may be used in their powdered form, crude form, purified extracts, or derivative form (Pooja et al., 2011). It is extremely difficult to prepare a herbal shampoo using a single natural material that would be milder and safer than the synthetic ones, and at the same time would compete favorably with its foaming, detergency and solid content. We, therefore, considered to formulate a pure herbal shampoo using traditionally and commonly used plant materials for hair washing in India and gulf region especially in Oman. The pericarp of Spindus mukorossi, commonly known as Soapnut or reetha, fruits of Phyllanthus emblica commonly known as Amla, and dried pods of Acacia concinna (Sheekakai) have traditionally been used in Indian folklore system for centuries for washing hair (Kapoor, 2005). Reetha and Sheekakai produce rich lather when shaken with water due to their high content of saponins. They are also known to produce beneficial effects on skin and other organ systems (Khushboo et al., 2010). Amla fruit is rich in vitamin C and is employed in hair preparations as antidandruff agent, hair growth promoter and to strengthen hairs (Srivasuki, 2012). The Ziziphus spina-christi tree, known as Sidr in Arabic, is indigenous to the Middle East including Oman, and its leaves are traditionally used by women to wash, darken and lengthen hairs (Ali and Kadhim, 2011). It is reported to contain four saponin glycosides that help in removing excess sebum without causing adverse reactions (Mahran et al., 1996). Saponins also exhibit antibacterial and antifungal activities that make them important ingredients of cosmetic applications (Chen et al., 2010). This study was designed to formulate a herbal shampoo and to evaluate and compare its physicochemical properties with the marketed synthetic and herbal shampoo in search of a safe and effective cosmetic product.

 

ADVANTAGES

Natural and Gentle: Herbal shampoos are free from harsh chemicals, making them suitable for sensitive scalps and hair. Nourishing and Protective: Herbal ingredients can provide essential nutrients and protection to the hair and scalp. Customizable: Herbal shampoos can be formulated to address specific hair concerns, such as dandruff, hair loss, or dryness .Environmentally Friendly: Herbal shampoos often use sustainable and eco-friendly ingredients

DISADVANTAGES

Potential Damage from Using a Dishwasher. Using a dishwasher to clean shampoo bottles or utensils can potentially damage the herbal shampoo or its ingredients due to

  • High temperatures.
  •  Harsh detergents.
  •  Mechanical stress.

It's generally recommended to hand-wash utensils and bottles used for herbal shampoo preparation to preserve the integrity of the ingredients.

Ideal Properties

  • It should have optimum viscosity such that it facilitates ease during application
  • It should have good spreading properties.
  • It should produce sufficient lather after application.
  • It should be able to remove waste material such as debris, soil, sebum, dead cells, salts (due to sweat) ete., from the scalp.
  • It should provide lustre to the hair.
  • It should produce good odour both before and after shampooing.
  • It should not produce any kind of irritation or itching to the scalp.
  • It should not support any microbial growth.
  • It should be stable and have a half life of about 2 to 3 years
  • It should be economical.

Benefits of Herbal Shampoo

  • Gentle and non-irritating
  • 2. Promotes healthy hair growth
  • 3. Soothes scalp conditions (dandruff, itchiness)
  • 4. Enhances shine and manageability
  • 5. Environmentally friendly

Popular Herbs Used

  • Aloe vera (soothing, moisturizing)
  • Tea tree oil (antifungal, antibacterial)
  • Rosemary (stimulates hair growth)
  • Lavender (calming, fragrant)
  • Neem (antifungal, anti-inflammatory)

Types of Herbal Shampoo

  • Ayurvedic herbal shampoo
  • Organic herbal shampoo
  • Medicinal herbal shampoo (for specific scalp conditions)

Ayurvedic herbal shampoo

Ayurvedic herbal shampoo is a type of hair care product that originated from the ancient Indian system of medicine, Ayurveda. This system emphasizes the use of natural herbs and botanicals to promote overall health and well-being, including hair and scalp health.

Herbs Used in Ayurvedic Herbal Shampoo

  • Amla (Emblica officinalis): Rich in antioxidants, amla promotes healthy hair growth and strengthens hair roots.
  • Brahmi (Bacopa monnieri): Enhances memory and cognitive function, brahmi also promotes healthy hair growth and reduces stress.
  •  Bhringaraj (Eclipta alba): Stimulates hair growth, strengthens hair roots, and improves hair texture.
  • Neem (Azadirachta indica): Soothes and calms scalp conditions like dandruff, itchiness, and redness.
  • Triphala: A blend of three herbs (amla, haritaki, and bibhitaki), triphala promotes healthy hair growth, reduces dandruff, and improves scalp health.

Types of Ayurvedic Herbal Shampoo

  • Vata-Pacifying Shampoo: For dry, brittle, or damaged hair, this shampoo helps to nourish and moisturize hair.
  •  Pitta-Pacifying Shampoo: For oily or greasy hair, this shampoo helps to balance oil production and reduce dandruff.
  • Kapha-Pacifying Shampoo: For dull, lifeless, or limp hair, this shampoo helps to stimulate hair growth and improve hair texture.

Organic Herbal Shampoo

Organic herbal shampoo is a type of hair care product that combines the benefits of organic ingredients with the therapeutic properties of herbs. This type of shampoo is designed to promote healthy hair growth, soothe scalp conditions, and enhance shine and manageability.

 Herbs Used in Organic Herbal Shampoo

  • Rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis): Stimulates hair growth.
  • Lavender (Lavandula angustifolia): Soothes and calms scalp conditions, promotes relaxation, and improves sleep.
  • Chamomile (Matricaria chamomilla): Soothes and calms scalp conditions, reduces inflammation, and promotes relaxation.
  • Tea Tree (Melaleuca alternifolia): Soothes and calms scalp conditions, reduces dandruff, and promotes healthy hair growth.
  • Neem (Azadirachta indica): Soothes and calms scalp conditions, reduces dandruff, and promotes healthy hair growth.

Types of Organic Herbal Shampoo

  • Dry Hair Shampoo: Formulated with moisturizing herbs like coconut, olive, and jojoba to nourish and hydrate dry hair.
  •  Oily Hair Shampoo: Formulated with herbs like tea tree, neem, and rosemary to balance oil production and reduce greasiness.
  • Sensitive Scalp Shampoo: Formulated with soothing herbs like chamomile, lavender, and calendula to calm and soothe sensitive scalps.

Medicinal herbal shampoo (for specific scalp conditions)

A medicinal herbal shampoo for specific scalp conditions is a type of shampoo that utilizes the therapeutic properties of herbs to prevent, alleviate, or treat specific scalp conditions, such as dandruff, itchiness, redness, irritation, or infection

  • Herbal shampoo for dandruff

Contains herbs like neem and tea tree oil to help control dandruff.

  • Herbal shampoo for itchy scalp

Soothing and calming, featuring herbs like aloe vera and chamomile to reduce itchiness and irritation.

  • Herbal shampoo for sensitive scalp:

Gentle and fragrance-free, designed for sensitive scalps.

Herbal shampoo for dandruff

A shampoo specifically formulated to help control and manage dandruff, a common scalp condition characterized by flakes of dead skin

Key Benefits

  • Helps to reduce flaking and scaling
  • Soothes and calms the scalp
  • Anti-fungal and anti-inflammatory properties
  • Helps to maintain a healthy scalp environment

S. no

Ingredients

Quantity for 100ml

1

Neem extract

5g

2

Tea tree oil

3g

3

Rosemary essential oil

2g

4

Lavender essential oil

2g

5

Coconut-derived cleansing agents

15g

6

Glycerin

5g

7

pH adjusters

Q.S

8

Water

Up to 100ml

Herbal Shampoo for Itchy Scalp

A shampoo designed to provide relief from itchiness and irritation on the scalp, often caused by dryness, allergies, or sensitivities.

Key Benefits

  • Soothes and calms the scalp
  • Reduces itchiness and irritation
  • Hydrates and moisturizes the scalp
  • Helps to maintain a healthy scalp environment

S. no

Ingredients

Quantity for 100ml

1

Aloe vera gel

10g

2

Chamomile extract

5g

3

Calendula extract

3g

4

Peppermint essential oil

2g

5

Coconut-derived cleansing agent

15g

6

Glycerin

5g

7

pH adjusters

Q.S

8

Water

Up to 100ml
  1. Herbal Shampoo for Sensitive Scalp:

A gentle and fragrance-free shampoo formulated for sensitive scalps, which can be easily irritated by harsh chemicals or fragrances.

Key Benefits

  • Gentle and non-irritating
  • Fragrance-free and hypoallergenic
  • Soothes and calms the scalp
  • Helps to maintain a healthy scalp environment

S. no

Ingredients

Quantity for 100ml

1

Aloe vera gel

10g

2

Chamomile extract

5g

3

Green tea extract

3g

4

Glycerin

5g

5

Coconut-derived cleansing agents

15g

6

pH adjusters

Q.S

7

Water

Up to 100ml

Aim

To develop and evaluate the efficacy and safety of a herbal shampoo that utilizes natural herbs and botanicals to promote healthy hair growth, soothe scalp conditions, and enhance shine and manageability.

Objectives

  • To formulate a herbal shampoo using natural herbs and botanicals: To develop a shampoo that combines the therapeutic properties of herbs like aloe vera, neem, and rosemary to promote healthy hair growth and soothe scalp conditions.
  • To evaluate the efficacy of the herbal shampoo: To assess the effectiveness of the shampoo in promoting healthy hair growth, reducing dandruff and itchiness, and enhancing shine and manageability.
  • To evaluate the safety of the herbal shampoo: To assess the safety of the shampoo by evaluating its potential for skin irritation, allergic reactions, and other adverse effects.
  • To compare the efficacy and safety of the herbal shampoo with a conventional shampoo: To compare the effectiveness and safety of the herbal shampoo with a conventional shampoo that contains synthetic ingredients.
  • To evaluate the stability and shelf-life of the herbal shampoo: To assess the stability and shelf-life of the shampoo by evaluating its physical and chemical properties over time.

Plan of Work

Herbs

  • Neem: Controls fungal and bacterial growth, reduces inflammation and itchiness.
  • Tea tree: Controls fungal and bacterial growth, reduces inflammation and itchiness.
  • Rosemary: Stimulates hair growth, improves circulation, and reduces dandruff.
  • Sage: Stimulates hair growth, improves circulation, and reduces dandruff.
  • Thyme: Controls fungal and bacterial growth, reduces inflammation and itchiness.

Essential Oils

  • Tea tree essential oil: Controls fungal and bacterial growth, reduces inflammation and itchiness.
  • Rosemary essential oil: Stimulates hair growth, improves circulation, and reduces dandruff.
  • Lavender essential oil: Soothes and calms the scalp, reduces inflammation and itchiness.
  • Eucalyptus essential oil: Controls fungal and bacterial growth, reduces inflammation and itchiness.

Oils

Coconut oil: Moisturizes and nourishes the hair, promotes healthy scalp and hair growth.

Olive oil: Moisturizes and nourishes the hair, promotes healthy scalp and hair growth.

Jojoba oil: Moisturizes and nourishes the hair, promotes healthy scalp and hair growth.

Other Raw Materials:

Zinc pyrithione: Antifungal and antibacterial properties, reduces dandruff and itchiness.

Ketoconazole: Antifungal properties, reduces dandruff and itchiness.

Glycerin: Moisturizes and nourishes the hair, promotes healthy scalp and hair growth.

Natural Preservatives

Grapefruit seed extract

 Natural preservative, controls fungal and bacterial growth.

Rosemary extract

Natural preservative, controls fungal and bacterial growth.

Formulations

S No:

Ingredients

Quantity Of 100g

1

Neem

10g

2

Tulsi

5g

3

Hibiscus

5g

4

Aloe Vera

6.5g

5

Shikakai

2.5

6

Reetha

2.5g

7

Amla

2.5g

Pharmacognosy

Pharmacognosy is defined as "The study of the physical, chemical, biochemical and gical properties of drugs, drug substances or potential drugs or drug substances of natural im as well as the search for new drugs from natural sources",

Medicinal Plants

Medicinal plants are those plants, rich in secondary metabolites and are potential source of drugs-These secondary metabolites include alkaloids, glycosides, coumarin, flavonoids and steroids.

Importance Of Medicinal Plants

The medicinal plants find application in pharmaceutical, cosmetics, agricultural and food industry. The use of the medicinal herbs for curing diseases has been documented in history of all civilizations. The research concluded that plant contain active principles which are responsible for curative action of herbs.

Ingredients

  1. Neem
  2. Tulsi
  3. Hibiscus
  4. Aloe Vera
  5. Shikakai
  6. Reetha
  7. Amla

Neem

Synonym

Hin-Nira, Nismb, Mal-Veppa, Mar-Limba,

Biological Source

Neem consists of the fresh or dried leaves and seed oil of Azadirachta Indica J. Juss (Melia Indica or M. Azadirachta Linn).

Family

Meliaceae

Use

All part of neem tree used as anthelmintic, antifungal, antidiabetic,antibacterial, antiviral, contraceptive and sedative.

? Oil of neem used in soap, shampoo, balms, cream as well as toothpaste.

? Neem gum is used as a bulking agent and for the preparation of special purpose food (for diabetic).

? A decoction prepared from Neem roots is ingested to relieve fever in traditional Indian medicine.

Tulsi

Synonyms:

Sacred basil, Holy basil.

Biological source:

Tulsi consists of fresh and dried leaves of ocimum sanctum linn. (India)

Family: 

Labiatae.

Use:

Respiratory problems: Tulsi is used to treat respiratory problems, including bronchitis, asthma, and cough.

Skin problems: Tulsi is used to treat skin problems, including acne, eczema, and dermatitis

Hibiscus

Synonyms:

 Hibiscus sabdariffa

Biological sources:

Hibiscus sabdariffa is an annual herbaceous plant that belongs to the family Malvaceae. It is native to tropical Africa and is widely cultivated in tropical and subtropical regions.

Family:

Malvaceae (India)

Use:

  • Food and Beverage: Hibiscus is used to make tea, jam, jelly, and other food products.
  • Cosmetic: Hibiscus is used in skincare products due to its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties.
  • Medicinal: Hibiscus is used to treat various health conditions, including high blood pressure and digestive problems.
  • Dye: Hibiscus is used as a natural dye for fabrics and other materials.

Shikakai

Synonym:

Soap-Pod,  Acacia Concinna.

Biological Source:

It Is the dried gummy exudation of stem and branches of Acacia Arabica.

Family:

 Leguminosae

Uses:

  • It Is Traditionally Used In A Shampoo Preparation For Hair Growth,
  • Soothes Scalp,
  • Fights aganist dandruff Shikakai Also Has Antifungal Properties. That help curd dandruff
  • Nourishes hair follicles.

Amla

Synonym:

Emblica, Indian Goose Berry, Amalki.

Biological Source:

It consists of dried as well as fresh fruits of the plant Emblica Officinalis Linn.

Family:

Euphorbiaceae

Use

  • It provides natural protein.
  • It is used as an acrid, diuretics, refrigerant and laxative.
  • They are also administered in jaundice, dyspenia and anemia along with iron compound.
  • Fruits are also used in preparation of inks, hair oil and shampoo.
  • Good tonic and used in scurvy.

REFERENCES

  1. Aghel N, Moghimipour B, Dana RA. Formulation of a herbal shampoo using total saponins of Acanthophyllum squarrosum. Iran J Pharm Res 2007;6(3):167e72.
  2. Ali HS, Kadhim RB. Formulation and evaluation of herbal shampoo from Ziziphus spina leaves extract. IJRAP2011;2(6):1802e6.
  3. Ashok K, Rakesh RM. Evaluation of prepared shampoo formulations and to compare formulated shampoo withmarketed shampoos. Int J Pharm Sci Rev Res 2010;3(1):120e6.
  4. Baran R, Maibah HI. Cosmetic dermatology in children. Text book of cosmetic dermatology. 2nd ed. London: CRC Press; 1998,p. 507e8.
  5. Boonme P, Pakpayat N, Yotmanee K, Kunlawijitrungsee S, Maneenuan D. Evaluation of shampoos containing silicone quaternary microemulsion. J App Pharm Sci 2011;1:59e63.
  6. Chen YF, Yang CH, Chang MS, Ciou YP, Foam Huang YC. Properties and detergent abilities of the saponins from Camellia oleifera. Int J Mol Sci 2010;11:4417e25.
  7. Firthouse PU. Effects of Ocimum sanctum and Azadiracta indica on the formulation of antidandruff herbal shampoo powder. Der Pharm Lett 2009;1(2):68e76.
  8. Gaud RS, Gupta GD. Practical physical pharmacy. 1st ed. New Delhi: C.B.S. Publisher and Distributer; 2001pp.81e105.
  9. Ilton PS, Deptuck R, Bousfield B, Verge D, Antoni K, MacRae L,et al. Can J Neurosci. Nurs 2007;29(1):14e9.
  10. Ishii MK. Objective and instrumental methods for evaluation of hair care product efficacy and substantiation of claims. In:Hair and hair care. New York: Marcel Dekker, Inc; 1997.p. 261e302.
  11. Kapoor VP. Herbal cosmetics for skin and hair care. Nat Product Radiance 2005;4(4):306e14.
  12. Khushboo PS, Jadhav VM, Kadam VJ, Sathe NS. Psoralea corylifolia Linn.d “Kushtanashini”. Pharmacognosy Rev 2010;4(7):69e76.Klein K. Evaluation of shampoo foam. Cosmet Toilet Mag 2004;119(10):32e5.
  13. Mahran GE, Glombitza KW, Mirhom YW, Hartmann R, Michel CG. Novel saponins from Ziziphus spina-christi growing in Egypt. Planta Medica 1996;62(20):163e5.
  14. Manikar AR, Jolly CI. Evaluation of commercial herbal shampoos. Int J Cosmet Sci 2000;22(5):385e91.
  15. Manikar AR, Jolly CI. Formulation of natural shampoos.  Int JCosmet Sci 2001;23(1):59e62.
  16. Pooja A, Arun N, Maninder K. Shampoos based on synthetic ingredients vis-a-vis shampoos based on herbal ingredients: Review. Int J Pharm Sci Rev Res 2011;7(1):41e6.
  17. Potluri A, Asma SSK, Rallapally N, Durrivel S, Harish GA. Reviewon herbs used in Anti-dandruff shampoo and its evaluation parameters. Indo Am J Pharm Res 2013;3(4):3266e78.
  18. Sarath C, Vipin KV, Ann RA, Lindumol KV, Arun S. Development and evaluation of antidandruff shampoo based on natural sources. J Pharm Phytother 2013;1(4):10e4.
  19. Shinde PR, Tatiya AU, Surana SJ. Formulation development and evaluation of herbal antidandruff shampoo. Int J Res Cosmet Sci 2013;3(2):25e33.
  20. Srivasuki KP. Nutritional and health care benefits of amla. J Pharmacogn 2012;3(2):147e51.
  21. Tarun J, Susan J, Susan VJ, Criton S. Evaluation of pH of bathing soaps and shampoos for skin and hair care. Indian J Dermatol 2014;59(5):442e4.
  22. K. Singh, et al." Phytochemical Analysis and Antimicrobial Activity of Rauwolfia serpentina" by S. - Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology(2018)
  23. R. K. Goel, et al .Evaluation of Herbal Shampoos for Their Antifungal and Antibacterial Activity" by - Journal of Cosmetics, Dermatological Sciences and Applications (2017)
  24. S. S. Rao, et al. Herbal Remedies for Scalp Conditions: - Journal of Ethnopharmacology(2019)
  25.  K. Singh, et al."Phytochemical Analysis and Antimicrobial Activity of Rauwolfia serpentina" by S..  - Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology(2018)
  26. R. K. Goel, et al. "Evaluation of Herbal Shampoos for Their Antifungal and Antibacterial Activity" by .  - Journal of Cosmetics, Dermatological Sciences and Applications (2017)
  27. S. S. Rao, et al "Herbal Remedies for Scalp Conditions: A Review" by   Journal of Ethnopharmacology (2019)
  28.  P. Kumar, et al "Development and Evaluation of Herbal Shampoo Using Aloe vera and Coconut Oil" by Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research(2018)
  29. "Antifungal Activity of Herbal Shampoos Against Malassezia furfur" by S. K. Singh, et al. (2019) - Journal of Mycology and Infection
  30. "Herbal Shampoo: A Review on Its Formulation, Evaluation and Applications" by R. K. Goel, et al. (2020) - Journal of Cosmetics, Dermatological Sciences and Applications
  31. "Phytochemical and Pharmacological Evaluation of Herbal Shampoo Using Triphala" by S. S. Rao, et al. (2020) - Journal of Ayurveda and Integrative Medicine
  32. "Development of Herbal Shampoo Using Neem and Tea Tree Oil for Antifungal Activity" by P. Kumar, et al. (2020) - Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research.

Reference

  1. Aghel N, Moghimipour B, Dana RA. Formulation of a herbal shampoo using total saponins of Acanthophyllum squarrosum. Iran J Pharm Res 2007;6(3):167e72.
  2. Ali HS, Kadhim RB. Formulation and evaluation of herbal shampoo from Ziziphus spina leaves extract. IJRAP2011;2(6):1802e6.
  3. Ashok K, Rakesh RM. Evaluation of prepared shampoo formulations and to compare formulated shampoo withmarketed shampoos. Int J Pharm Sci Rev Res 2010;3(1):120e6.
  4. Baran R, Maibah HI. Cosmetic dermatology in children. Text book of cosmetic dermatology. 2nd ed. London: CRC Press; 1998,p. 507e8.
  5. Boonme P, Pakpayat N, Yotmanee K, Kunlawijitrungsee S, Maneenuan D. Evaluation of shampoos containing silicone quaternary microemulsion. J App Pharm Sci 2011;1:59e63.
  6. Chen YF, Yang CH, Chang MS, Ciou YP, Foam Huang YC. Properties and detergent abilities of the saponins from Camellia oleifera. Int J Mol Sci 2010;11:4417e25.
  7. Firthouse PU. Effects of Ocimum sanctum and Azadiracta indica on the formulation of antidandruff herbal shampoo powder. Der Pharm Lett 2009;1(2):68e76.
  8. Gaud RS, Gupta GD. Practical physical pharmacy. 1st ed. New Delhi: C.B.S. Publisher and Distributer; 2001pp.81e105.
  9. Ilton PS, Deptuck R, Bousfield B, Verge D, Antoni K, MacRae L,et al. Can J Neurosci. Nurs 2007;29(1):14e9.
  10. Ishii MK. Objective and instrumental methods for evaluation of hair care product efficacy and substantiation of claims. In:Hair and hair care. New York: Marcel Dekker, Inc; 1997.p. 261e302.
  11. Kapoor VP. Herbal cosmetics for skin and hair care. Nat Product Radiance 2005;4(4):306e14.
  12. Khushboo PS, Jadhav VM, Kadam VJ, Sathe NS. Psoralea corylifolia Linn.d “Kushtanashini”. Pharmacognosy Rev 2010;4(7):69e76.Klein K. Evaluation of shampoo foam. Cosmet Toilet Mag 2004;119(10):32e5.
  13. Mahran GE, Glombitza KW, Mirhom YW, Hartmann R, Michel CG. Novel saponins from Ziziphus spina-christi growing in Egypt. Planta Medica 1996;62(20):163e5.
  14. Manikar AR, Jolly CI. Evaluation of commercial herbal shampoos. Int J Cosmet Sci 2000;22(5):385e91.
  15. Manikar AR, Jolly CI. Formulation of natural shampoos.  Int JCosmet Sci 2001;23(1):59e62.
  16. Pooja A, Arun N, Maninder K. Shampoos based on synthetic ingredients vis-a-vis shampoos based on herbal ingredients: Review. Int J Pharm Sci Rev Res 2011;7(1):41e6.
  17. Potluri A, Asma SSK, Rallapally N, Durrivel S, Harish GA. Reviewon herbs used in Anti-dandruff shampoo and its evaluation parameters. Indo Am J Pharm Res 2013;3(4):3266e78.
  18. Sarath C, Vipin KV, Ann RA, Lindumol KV, Arun S. Development and evaluation of antidandruff shampoo based on natural sources. J Pharm Phytother 2013;1(4):10e4.
  19. Shinde PR, Tatiya AU, Surana SJ. Formulation development and evaluation of herbal antidandruff shampoo. Int J Res Cosmet Sci 2013;3(2):25e33.
  20. Srivasuki KP. Nutritional and health care benefits of amla. J Pharmacogn 2012;3(2):147e51.
  21. Tarun J, Susan J, Susan VJ, Criton S. Evaluation of pH of bathing soaps and shampoos for skin and hair care. Indian J Dermatol 2014;59(5):442e4.
  22. K. Singh, et al." Phytochemical Analysis and Antimicrobial Activity of Rauwolfia serpentina" by S. - Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology(2018)
  23. R. K. Goel, et al .Evaluation of Herbal Shampoos for Their Antifungal and Antibacterial Activity" by - Journal of Cosmetics, Dermatological Sciences and Applications (2017)
  24. S. S. Rao, et al. Herbal Remedies for Scalp Conditions: - Journal of Ethnopharmacology(2019)
  25.  K. Singh, et al."Phytochemical Analysis and Antimicrobial Activity of Rauwolfia serpentina" by S..  - Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology(2018)
  26. R. K. Goel, et al. "Evaluation of Herbal Shampoos for Their Antifungal and Antibacterial Activity" by .  - Journal of Cosmetics, Dermatological Sciences and Applications (2017)
  27. S. S. Rao, et al "Herbal Remedies for Scalp Conditions: A Review" by   Journal of Ethnopharmacology (2019)
  28.  P. Kumar, et al "Development and Evaluation of Herbal Shampoo Using Aloe vera and Coconut Oil" by Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research(2018)
  29. "Antifungal Activity of Herbal Shampoos Against Malassezia furfur" by S. K. Singh, et al. (2019) - Journal of Mycology and Infection
  30. "Herbal Shampoo: A Review on Its Formulation, Evaluation and Applications" by R. K. Goel, et al. (2020) - Journal of Cosmetics, Dermatological Sciences and Applications
  31. "Phytochemical and Pharmacological Evaluation of Herbal Shampoo Using Triphala" by S. S. Rao, et al. (2020) - Journal of Ayurveda and Integrative Medicine
  32. "Development of Herbal Shampoo Using Neem and Tea Tree Oil for Antifungal Activity" by P. Kumar, et al. (2020) - Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research.

Photo
Ramesh M.
Corresponding author

Kamalakshi Pandurangan college of Pharmacy, Tiruvannamalai, Tamil Nadu.

Photo
Sachin D.
Co-author

Kamalakshi Pandurangan college of Pharmacy, Tiruvannamalai, Tamil Nadu.

Photo
Rekha K.
Co-author

Kamalakshi Pandurangan college of Pharmacy, Tiruvannamalai, Tamil Nadu.

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Mullaikodi O.
Co-author

Kamalakshi Pandurangan college of Pharmacy, Tiruvannamalai, Tamil Nadu.

Ramesh M.*, Sachin D., Rekha K., Mullaikodi O., A Brief Review on Preparation and Evaluation Herbal Shampoo, Int. J. of Pharm. Sci., 2025, Vol 3, Issue 8, 1184-1195. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.16809877

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