Formulation and Evaluation of Herbal Cold Cream

Cosmetics are items that are typically used to both adorn and purify the skin. The word "cosmetics" comes from the Greek word "kosmesticos," which meaning "to adorn." The water in oil emulsion is called cold cream. Compared to other semisolid dosage forms or formulations, cold cream provides a longer contact time at the application site. They make the skin look elegant and keep it from being overly oily. Emollience is provided to the skin as a result of the oil phase. The purpose of cold cream is to moisturize dry skin and cool the body while also removing waste from pores and pores. It may be simply washed away and watered down. When used on the skin, they do not irritate.[1]] The skin receives additional conservation from the water phase. At body temperature, it becomes liquefiable. It enters the skin through the pores of the skin's epidermis. Cream is defined as semisolid emulsions which are oil in water (o/w) or water in oil (w/o) type and these semisolid emulsions are intended for external application. Cream is classified as oil in water and water in oil emulsion. It is applied on outer part or superficial part of the skin and its main ability is to remain for a longer period of time at the site of application. The function of a skin cream is to protect the skin against different environmental condition, weather and gives soothing effect to the skin. There are different types of creams like cleansing, cold, foundation, vanishing, night, massage, hand and body creams. The main aim of our work is to develop a herbal cream which can give multipurpose effect, like moisturizer, reduce acne and skin irritation, reduce skin diseases like eczema, psoriasis, dry skin, wrinkles, rashes etc. and also adding glow to the face. We have used two herbal ingredients in our preparation which are Neem, Almond. Neem is used as an antifungal and anti-inflammatory and it is also used to reduce scar, pigmentation, redness and itching of the skin The greatest cleaning solutions are soap, water, and cleansing lotions. Cream is referred to as a semisolid emulsion that is either of the oil in water (o/w) or water in oil (w/o) type and is made for external use. Cream is categorized as an emulsion of water and oil. It is applied to the outermost or most superficial layer of the skin, and its main benefit is that it lasts longer at the application site. The purpose of a skin cream is to protect the skin from various environmental factors, including weather, and to provide calming effects. There are many various kinds of creams, including hand, body, cleansing, cold, foundation, disappearing, night, and massage creams. From that time the materials which are used to promoting appearances or to beautify the skin are called as cosmetics. From ancient time till now people are still using polyherbal or herbal cosmetics for the beautification of skin. The use of herbal products as cosmetics is as prevalent in modern era as it was in ancient times. Herbal cosmetics are mostly preferred because of their less or nil side effects when compared to synthetic products and show enhanced effects upon application. The main aim of our work is to develop a herbal cream which can give multipurpose effect, like moisturizer, reduce acne and skin irritation, reduce skin diseases like eczema, psoriasis, dry skin, wrinkles, rashes etc. and also adding glow to the face. [2,3]. Herbal cosmetics are products intended to enhance and beautify human appearances, in order to nourish and moisturize the skin. Herbal cold creams are the herbal formulation that contained plant extracts, liquid paraffin as a lubricating agent, bees wax as stabilizer, methyl paraben as a antibacterial agent by using the water in oil method. This cold cream is prepared by using the neem oil and almond oil. After preparation of cream, cream were evaluated for different parameters like appearance, PH, viscosity, stability test, dye test, spread ability & Test for microbial growth. We have used two herbal ingredients in our preparation which are Neem, Almond. Aloe Vera gel is used as a moisturizer, to reduce pimples and acne and also used for treatment of burn wounds. Neem is used as an antifungal and anti-inflammatory and it is also used to reduce scar, pigmentation, redness and itching of the skin.

HUMAN SKIN

The skin is the body's largest organ. It covers the entire body. It serves as a protective shield against heat, light, injury and infection. The skin also:

1. Regulates body temperature
2. Stores water and fat
3. Is a sensory organ
4. Prevents water loss
5. Prevents entry of bacteria
6. Acts as a barrier between the organism and its environment
7. Helps to make vitamin D when exposed to the sun

Advantages of Herbal Cold Cream

 1. It Prevents ageing and dehydration of skin.

2. As cold creams contain enough amount of water and oil, they keep skin safe from the rough environments.

3. They also keep skin moisturized and safe.

4. Cold creams are designed to remove makeup and smooth the skin.

5. Medicated cold cream is mainly used as topical pharmaceutical dosage form for the treatment of skin.

6. To help in the maintenance of moisture balance of skin and avoid rough skin co uses of cold cream (nonmedicated).

7. To provide an emollient effect and oily protective layer on the skin.

8. Also, provide a chemical barrier as with sun block ingredients.

9. As a carrier for drug substances such as diflucortolone valerate in medicated cream.

Ideal Properties Of Herbal Cold Cream

1. It should not normally be diluted.

2. The pH of the cold cream must be optimum from 4.6–6.0

3. Its consistency should be optimum so that it can be easily put out from the container and apply easily.

4. Should give a cooling effect on the skin after external application.

5. It must provide a thin waxy protective layer on the skin to protect the water evaporation from the skin surface.

 6. Should give a faster emollient effect, so that very dry skin can swell up and become soft within a short time.

7. Less greasy than ointment and easily spread on the skin.

8. It should be physically and chemically stable throughout its shelf-life.

9. The excipients should be compatible with each other. It should be sterile.

MATERIAL AND METHOD

Several materials used in the present study i.e., Almond oil, Borax, Beeswax, Rose water, Liq. Paraffin, were taken out from the Laboratory of Parmarth college of pharmacy, Hapur. And the extraction of neem leaves was done by the soxhlate extraction method. The details of the plant material used for the formulation of cold cream are mentioned below

A. Almond Oil

It's also anti-inflammatory and boosts immunity. Containing omega-3 fatty acids, almond oil might help you maintain healthy cholesterol levels and improve your memory. It may help lower your risk for diseases like cancer and heart disease.

Figure 1: Almond Oil

B. Neem Oil (Azadirachtaindica)

Neem oil is a naturally occurring pesticide found in seeds from the neem tree. Neem oil is a mixture of components. Azadirachtin is the most active component for repelling and killing pests and can be extracted from neem oil. The portion left over is called clarified hydrophobic neem oil.

Figure 2: Neem Oil

C. Borax

Borax, combined with wax, is used in many cosmetic products like creams, gels, and lotions. Borax's alkaline nature makes it a perfect ingredient in cleansers and toners. In cosmetic products, borax is sometimes used as an emulsifier, buffering agent, or preservative for moisturizing products, creams, shampoos, gels, lotions, bath bombs, scrubs, and bath salts. Borax is also an ingredient combined with glue and water to make “slime,” a gooey material that many kids enjoy playing with right from creams and body lotions to shampoos, bath gels. Given its mild and antiseptic nature, quite a few natural cosmetic products tend to include Borax as an essential ingredient as well.

Figure 3: Borex

D. Beeswax

Ability to defend against the irritants when applied to skin, beeswax can serve as a layer of defence. It can sheild skin from harsh weather and environment pollutants. Beeswax can prevent moisture from evaporating from the hair, in addition to soothing and moisturizing the hair. In the skin beeswax can form a layer of protection. It also attract water since it is a humectant

Figure 4: Beeswax

E. Liquid paraffin

The highly refined mineral oil is also known as liquid paraffin, also known as paraffinum liquidium or Russian mineral oil, is used in cosmetic and medicine. Liquid paraffin used for cosmetic and therapeutic purposes should not be confused with paraffin (also known as kerosene) used as fuel. It is an oily, clear, colourless liquid made up of saturated hydrocarbon that comes from petroleum

Figure 5: Liquid Paraffin

F. Rose Water

Rose water is especially hydrating when combined with other moisturizing ingredients, such as ceramides or glycerin. “These help to moisturize the skin protect the skin barrier and prevent further water loss from the skin. The anti-inflammatory properties can reduce skin redness and puffiness. Rose Water Maintains the Skin's Natural pH Balance. Chemically produced soaps and cleansers disrupt the pH balance of our skin, making it prone to bacteria that cause various skin conditions like rashes and acne.

Figure 6: Rose Water

METHOD FOR EXTRACTION OF NEEM OIL

• 100 g of dried and grind neem leaves powder was placed into the thimble and placed in the soxhlet chamber.
• Sample was extracted in a soxhlet extraction system using 500 ml of solvent (ethanol).
• The heating powder set with heating mentle.
• The crude extract solution obtained and rotary evaporator used to remove the solvent and completely dried in an atmospheric oven.
• Extract was then stored at room temperature before weighing gravimetrically to determine the yield.
• The oil yield of extracted Neem oil was calculated by using the following equation:-

%oil yield =    (W₁-W₂) x 100

                           W₁

Where W₁ = sample weight initially placed in thimble

           W₂ = sample weight after dried in the oven.                             

Figure 7: Soxhlet Apparatus

Figure 8: Neem Extract

METHOD OF PREPARATION

• Take required quantity of Beeswax and Liquid paraffin in porcelain dish
• Heat this mixture in water bath for melting purpose. Remove dish from water bath
• Take Borax and distilled water in beaker. Heat this solution in water bath for about 75C.
• This Borax solution added drop wise in porcelain dish with continuous stirring.
• Add Methyl paraben in porcelain dish dissolved it.
• Add Neem oil and Almond oil in this solution. Add perfume for fragrance.
• Herbal Cold Cream was obtained.

Table 1: Composition of Herbal cold cream