A Novel Development of Eco-Friendly Herbal Perfume Using Natural Floral Extracts

EVALUATION OF EXTRACT^7,8,9

1. Organoleptic Evaluation Take 1–2 drops of essential oil in a clean watch glass. Observe the color against white background. Smell the sample carefully to note fragrance characteristics. Record odor intensity, type, and pleasantness. Note appearance and clarity.

2. Odor Profile Analysis Apply a small amount of oil on blotter paper. Allow it to stand for 1–2 minutes. Smell at different time intervals (0 min, 10 min, 30 min). Record top, middle, and base notes of fragrance. Note changes in aroma over time.

3. Physical Property Testing Measure density using a specific gravity bottle or pycnometer. Determine viscosity by allowing oil to flow through a narrow tube and comparing flow time. Observe color consistency under light. Record all physical characteristics.

4. Solubility Test Take small quantity of essential oil in test tubes. Add ethanol to one tube and distilled water to another. Shake well and observe miscibility. Check for separation, precipitation, or clarity. Record observations.

5. Stability Study Store essential oil samples in amber bottles. Keep at room temperature and also in light exposure conditions. Observe periodically for 1–4 weeks. Note any changes in color, odor, or phase separation.

6. Volatility Test Place 1–2 drops of oil on filter paper. Leave it at room temperature. Observe evaporation rate at regular time intervals. Record fragrance persistence duration.

7. Purity Test Visually inspect oil for sediments or cloudiness. Smell for any artificial or chemical odor. Check for uniform appearance without separation. Record purity observations.

8. Yield Calculation Weigh the initial amount of fresh flowers used. Measure the quantity of extracted essential oil. Calculate yield using formula:

Yield (%)=Weight of oil obtainedWeight of plant material×100

Perfume Formulation Procedure

Measured quantities of all extracted essential oils were mixed in a clean beaker. Ethanol was added slowly with continuous stirring. Glycerine was incorporated to improve smoothness and skin feel. Sandalwood oil was added as a natural fixative for long-lasting fragrance. The mixture was stirred thoroughly to obtain a uniform solution. The prepared perfume was transferred into amber- colored spray bottles. The bottles were stored in a cool and dark place for 7 days for maturation and proper blending of fragrance.

Rose essential oil (10ml), Mogra Essential oil (10ml), Night blooming jasmine essential oil  (10ml) Ethanol 60 ml, glycerine 5ml

EVALUATION PARAMETER ¹⁰,^11,12

The prepared eco-friendly herbal perfume was evaluated using the following parameters to determine its quality, stability, safety, and performance.

1. Organoleptic Evaluation Take a small amount of herbal perfume in a clean vial.  Observe the color and clarity against white light. Smell the sample to evaluate fragrance characteristics. Note the appearance and texture visually.The perfume was examined for: Color  Odor Appearance Clarity
2. pH Determination Take 10 mL of perfume in a clean beaker.Dip a pH strip or electrode of a pH meter into the sample. Compare the color change with standard pH chart or record digital reading.  Note the final pH value. The pH of the perfume was measured using pH paper or a digital pH meter.
3. Stability Study Store the perfume in amber bottles at room temperature. Observe samples at regular intervals (e.g., daily or weekly).Check for color change, odor change, and phase separation.  Record observations for a fixed period (2–4 weeks).The perfume was stored at room temperature and observed periodically for: Color change Turbidity Phase separation Fragrance stability
4. Skin Irritation Test Clean a small area of skin (usually forearm). Apply a small quantity of perfume. Leave it undisturbed for 24 hours. Observe for redness, itching, or swelling. Record results. A small amount of perfume was applied to the skin to check for: Redness Itching Irritation Allergic reaction
5. Fragrance Retention Test Spray a fixed amount of perfume on skin and cotton cloth. Note the start time of application. Check fragrance intensity at regular intervals. Record the time until fragrance is no longer noticeable.
6. Solubility Test  Take small quantity of perfume in test tubes. Add ethanol and distilled water separately. Shake well and observe miscibility.  Check for precipitation or phase separation. Record results.
7. Specific Gravity Determination Clean and dry a pycnometer. Fill it with distilled water and weigh it. Empty and refill with perfume sample. Weigh again. Calculate specific gravity using formula:

Specific Gravity=Weight of perfumeWeight of equal volume of water

8. Evaporation Test Place 2–3 drops of perfume on filter paper or glass slide. Allow it to dry at room temperature. Observe evaporation rate and residue formation. Record observations regarding volatility and residue.
9. Stability study of formulations The prepared herbal perfume was filled into amber-colored glass bottles. Samples were stored under different conditions: Room temperature (25–30°C) Refrigerated condition (4–8°C) Light exposure (near sunlight/window) The samples were observed for a period of 2–4 weeks.

Observations were recorded at regular intervals (initial, 7th day, 14th day, 28th day).

RESULT

Distilled water is the only solvent for separation of oil from the material

Preparation of Extract

Table No.1: Prepration of Extract

Various extract was prepared by using distilled water and gel a clear essential oil from the hydro distillation
Result of extraction

Organoleptic Evaluation

Organoleptic evaluation was done by checking various parameter like colour dour appearance clarity of extract and it get clear idea regarding extract.

Table No.2: Organoleptic Parameter of Extract

Fragrance Intensity & Longevity

Fragrance was determined by various extract like mogra nightblooming jasmin and rose and it get a clear idea regarding fragrance intensity

Table No.3: Fragrance Parameter of Extract

Physical Properties

Various Physical parameters like density viscosity Refractive index homogeneity was determined by the various extract.

Table No.4: Physical Property of Extract

 Solubility Test

 Solubility was determined by the various extract and it showed good result

Table No.5: Solubility Parameter of Extract

Stability Study

Stability study was done by various extract and it was shoewd a good result

Table No.6: Stability Parameter of Extract

Skin Compatibility (Patch Test)

 Patch test or skin compatibility test was done by various extract and it showed a good result

 Table No.7: Skin compatibility Parameter of Extract

Table No.8: overall Skin compatibility Parameter of Extract

All three essential oils showed good physicochemical properties and are suitable for herbal perfume formulation. Among them, mogra oil exhibited the highest fragrance strength and stability, rose oil provided balance and softness, while night-blooming jasmine contributed a unique musky aromatic note enhancing overall perfume quality.

Formulation and Development of various Batches

The herbal perfume was developed using essential oils obtained from Rose, Mogra, and Night-Blooming Jasmine. Three different formulations (batches) were prepared by varying the ratio of essential oils to optimize fragrance quality, stability, and longevity.

Table No.9: Various formulations of Extract

Evaluation of various Batches

The herbal perfume formulations were prepared using essential oils of Rose, Mogra, and Night-Blooming Jasmine. The three batches (F1, F2, F3) were evaluated based on organoleptic properties, physicochemical parameters, stability, and fragrance performance.

Organoleptic Evaluation

Various organoleptic evaluation was done by F1 F2 and F3

Table No.10: Organoleptic Evaluation of Formulations

  Fragrance Evaluation

Various Fragrance test was done by F1 F2 and F3 from this all result are showed within Acceptable limit

Table No.11: Fragrance Evaluation of Formulations

Fragrance Longevity Test

Table No.12: Fragrance longevity Evaluation of Formulations

Physicochemical Evaluation

Various physiochemical parameter like pH solubility clarity and homogeneity test was carried out by F1 F2 and F3 and from all formulation F2 formulation showed a good result

Table No.13: Physiochemical Evaluation of Formulations

Stability Study (4 Weeks)

Stability parameters for all formulations are done for F1 F2 and F3 the formulations are stored at various conditions like room temperature light exposure Refrigeration fragrance retention for 4 week and observed the result.

Table No.14: Stability Evaluation of Formulations

Skin Compatibility (Patch Test)

Skin compatibility test was done of F1 F2 and F3 and all formulations are showed a good result and no any kind of irritation was observed

Table No.15: Patch test Evaluation of Formulations

All (F1 = F2 = F3 equally safe) no any kind of irritation was observed.

Evaporation Test

F1: Evaporated quickly due to higher volatility of rose-based composition → lowest fragrance retention. F2: Showed slow evaporation and highest fragrance retention due to strong fixative effect of mogra oil → best performance. F3: Showed moderate evaporation rate with balanced fragrance release → medium performance.

Table No.16: Evaporation Evaluation of Formulations

The evaporation test clearly shows that F2 formulation is the most stable and long-lasting, while F1 is the most volatile and least persistent.

Specific Gravity test of formulations

Specific gravity was determined by various formulations and from all F1 F2 and F3 formulations F2 formulation showed a good result

Table No.17: Specific gravity Evaluation of Formulations

F1:Lowest specific gravity due to higher volatility and lighter composition.  F2: Highest specific gravity indicating better oil concentration and stability. F3: Intermediate value showing balanced formulation. The specific gravity test indicates that F2 formulation is the most stable and well-structured perfume, while F1 is the lightest and most volatile among all batches.