Development And Evaluation Of Anti Acne Gel Containing Karanja And Brahmi

Gel:

A large percentage of pharmacological dose formulations are semi-solids ^[1]. Because of their distinct rheological behavior, semi-solids can adhere to the application surface for a sufficient amount of time before being rinsed off ^[2]. About 70–80% of teenagers and young adults suffer with acne vulgaris, a prevalent skin condition. It is a multifactorial pilosebaceous unit illness. The sebaceous gland enlarges and sebum production increases due to the influence of androgens at the start of adolescence. ^[3].

Topical gel administration has the following benefits over alternative dosing forms: avoidance of first-pass metabolism; ease of use and convenience; avoidance of risks and challenges related to intravenous therapy; and avoidance of various absorption conditions, such as pH changes, the presence of enzymes, and the length of stomach emptying ^[4].

Acne 

One of the most prevalent skin conditions, acne, affects more than 85% of children  ^[5]. The initial lesion known as the "comedo" is the result of a number of variables interacting to cause acne vulgaris (see Image Acne Vulgaris)^[7] . Though acne vulgaris is often seen in adolescents, it is not limited to this demographic and can impact people of different ages ^[8]. Acne is caused by a number of factors, including follicular hyperkeratosis, altered sebofollicular microbiota, increased sebum production with raised levels of pro-inflammatory monounsaturated fatty acids, and Th17-cell-mediated inflammatory responses ^[10]. Androgens and insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) can boost sebum production; IGF-1 promotes the gonadal and adrenal glands' synthesis of these hormones ^[11]. Acne is common in children and teenagers between the ages of 12 and 24, with 15–20% of cases being moderate to severe, though the prevalence varies from study to study ^[12].

The high incidence rates of over 80% in Western countries cannot be explained by acne's heredity alone ^[13]. Dairy products in particular have been held accountable. Milk-derived amino acids stimulate the release of insulin ^[14] . IGF-1 is proposed to be the main factor behind acne, promoting growth of the follicular epithelium ^[15]

 

 

Figure 1: Types of acne

 

     

 

Figure 2 : Oil of Pongamia pinnata             Figure 3 : Seed of Pongamia pinnata

        

 

Figure .4 : Flowering stage of Brahmi                           Figure .5 :Powder Brahmi

Accurately weigh all the ingredients → Brahmi Powder, Karanja Oil, Tween 80, Carbopol, distilled water, and Triethanolamine.

 

 

Prepare the aqueous phase → Disperse Carbopol in distilled water.

 

 

 

Stir the Carbopol dispersion using a magnetic stirrer for 1 hour.

 

 

 

Keep the dispersion aside for 24 hours for complete swelling of Carbopol.

 

 

Prepare the extract phase → Take Brahmi powder, add water, and heat on a water bath for 20 minutes.

 

 

Cool the prepared extract and filter it properly.

 

 

Prepare the oil phase → Take Karanja oil, To get a homogenous mixture, add Tween 80 and thoroughly mix.

 

 

Add the filtered extract phase into the swollen Carbopol gel base with continuous stirring.

 

 

Add the oil phase slowly into the gel while stir

ring continuously to form a uniform gel.

 

 

Adjust the pH by adding Triethanolamine dropwise and maintain the pH between 4.5–6.5.

 

 

Add distilled water to the final volume and thoroughly mix

 

 

Final product

 

 

Transfer the prepared gel into a suitable container, label pr operly, and store safely

 

 

                   Figure : 6

 

  FORMULATION TABLE ( drug content )                                                  

pH parameter:

A calibrated digital pH meter was employed to determine the produced gel's pH,and the readings were documented.

 

 

Figure 7 :  pH of gel

Table 4 : pH of formulation

Sr no.	Formulation	Ph
a.	F1	5.30
b.	F2	5.47
c.	F3	5.60

VISCOCITY

The gel's viscosity was assessed using an Ostwald viscometer, and the resulting data were documented.

 

Formula for viscosity calculation:

ⴄ₂ = ⴄ₁ X p₂t₂ / p₁t₁

 

where,

ⴄ ₁ = viscosity of water

ⴄ₂ = viscosity of gel

p₁ = density of water

p₂ = density of gel

t₁ = flow time of water

t₂ = flow time of gel

 

 

Figure 8 : viscosity of gel

Table No 5 : viscosity of formulation

Sr no.	Formulation	Viscosity
1.	F1	5.84 cP
2.	F2	6.54 cP
3.	F3	7.33 cP

 

Spreadability

The formulated gel's spreadability was assessed at room temperature.The spreadability results were discovered to be as follows for each gel composition.

 

 

Figure 9 : Spreadability of gel

Table No 6 : Spreadability of formulation

Sr no.	Formulation	spreadability
1.	F1	Easily Spreadable
2.	F2	Easily Spreadable
3.	F3	Easily Spreadable

 

Washability

A small quantity of facial scrubbing was used on the skin and rinsed off with water. The washing was simple.

Homogeneity

In order to verify that the parts were dispersed uniformly throughout the product,

 the gel's homogeneity was evaluated visually and through touch.

Drug Release

In-vitro drug release study of anti-acne gel three batches of gel compositions were completed using diffusion membrane apparatus :

 

           Figure 10 : Drug release

 

 

 

Fig.11 : ATR – FTIR Spectra interpretation of Anti acne gel Showing characteristics functional group

 

 

Fig.12 :-ATR – FTIR Spectra interpretation of Karanja & Brahmi Showing characteristics functional group.

 

 

Fig. 13 :-ATR – FTIR Spectra interpretation of Anti acne gel Showing characteristics functional group.

CONCLUSION

The present study successfully formulated and evaluated an herbal anti-acne gel using Pongamia pinnata and Bacopa monnieri. Three formulations (F1, F2, and F3) were developed and assessed for their physicochemical properties.

Among all formulations, Batch F2 was identified as the optimized formulation due to its ideal pH, optimum viscosity, good spreadability, smooth texture, and uniform consistency. The results indicate that the formulated gel is stable, easy to apply, and suitable for topical use.

The presence of bioactive constituents in Karanja and Brahmi suggests potential antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, Its antioxidant properties, which could in reducing acne lesions and improving skin condition.

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