Formulation And Evaluation of Herbal Cream From Glycerhiza Glabra For Treatment Of Acne

The word cosmetics was derived from the Greek word “kosmtikos” meaning having the power arrange skill in Decorating. Cosmetics, means any article intended to be rubbed, poured, sprinkled or sprayed on or introduced into or otherwise applied to human body or any part therefor cleansing beautifying promoting attractiveness or altering appearance and includes any article intended for use as a component of cosmetic. ‘Cosmeceuticals’ can be referred to as topical cosmetic pharmaceutical hybrids intended to enhance beauty through ingredients that provide additional health related functions or benefits. Herbal cosmetics are preferred over chemically synthesized products because they typically have fewer or no harmful side effects are considered safe for use and are compatible with most skin types! Ayurvedic cosmeceuticals are particularly trusted for their safe comprehensive effects and use of natural herbal extracts. Drawing from the extensive knowledge of Ayurveda maintaining beauty and skin health involves balancing the three doshas (Vata, Pitta, and Kapha) and the body tissues (Rasa, Rakta, and Mamas). Consequently, there is a growing emphasis on skin health with people turning to various products such as creams, lotions and serums to mitigate these effects and slow down the aging process.

Physiology of Skin

Skin is the most important organ of the human body. It’s miles an excellent and critical organ. It is a fleshy floor with hair, nerves, glands and nails. It consists of hair follicles which anchor hair strands into the skin.It acts as a barrier between inside and outside environment.The pores and skin has special thicknesses and textures. The skin makes up almost 15% of an adult’s total body weight, thus making it the biggest organ in the body. It carries out a wide variety of important functions, including as preventing the body from absorbing too much water and helping in temperatureregulation, in addition providing protection against external physical, chemical, and biological hazards. The mucous membranes that line the body’s surface are a continuous layer of skin. biological hazards.

Fig no.01: Structure of Skin

Layers of Skin:

1. Epidermis: Epidermis is the top layer of the skin, the part of the skin you see. It provides a waterproof barrier and creates our skin tone.
2. Dermis: Dermis is the second layer of skin. It’s much thicker and does a lot for your body. Contains tough connective tissue, hair follicles, and sweat glands
3. Hypodermis: Subcutaneous fat is the bottom layer. And made up of fat and connective tissue.

What is Acne :

Acne is a preferred time period used for eruptive ailment of the pores and skin. It’s miles from time to time used as a synonym for pimples vulgaris. It is a not unusual human pores and skin sickness, characterized via areas of pores and skin with seborrhea (scaly purple skin), comedowns (blackheads and whiteheads), papules (pinheads), pustules (acne), nodules (large papules) and probable scarring.

Acne affects on the whole skin with the densest populace of sebaceous follicles; those regions encompass the face, the upper part of the chest, and the again. Severe pimples is inflammatory, however acne also can manifest in non inflammatory forms.The lesions are caused by adjustments in pilosebaceous devices, skin systems along with a hair follicle and its related sebaceous gland, adjustments that require androgen stimulation. Pimples happens most usually ay  through formative years, and frequently continues into maturity. In youth, acne is typically as a result of an growth in male sex hormones, which human beings of each genders accrue all through puberty.

 For most people, acne diminishes through the years and has a tendency to disappear — or no less than decrease — after one reaches one’s early 1920s. there is, but, no manner to predict how lengthy it’ll take to disappear absolutely, and some people will bring this situation well into their Thirties, 1940s, and beyond5. Some of the large nodules have been previously referred to as “cysts” and the term nodulocystic has been used to explain intense cases of inflammatory acne.

Causes of Acne:

• Excess oil production
• Clogged hair follicles
• Bacteria (Propionibacterium acnes)
• Hormonal changes (e.g., puberty, Menstruation)
• Certain medications (e.g., corticosteroids, Lithium)
• Diet and stress (can influence but are not Primary causes) [6]

Types of Acne:

• Whiteheads: Closed clogged pores
• Blackheads: Open clogged pores
• Papules: Small red bumps
• Pustules: Pimples with pus
• Nodules & Cysts: Deep, painful lumps under

Advantages of Glycerhiza Glabra antiacne cream

• Anti-inflammatory action – reduces redness and swelling
• Antibacterial effect – inhibits acne-causing bacteria
• Controls excess sebum (oil) production
• Anti-androgenic activity – helps in hormonal acne
• Antioxidant property – protects skin from damage
• Promotes healing of acne lesions
• Reduces acne scars and hyperpigmentation
• Improves overall skin tone and brightness
• Maintains healthy skin microbiome

Plant Profile:

1. Aloe Vera

Fig no.2 Aloe Vera

Biological source: 

Scientific name: Aloe vera (L.) Burm.f. Family: Asphodelaceae (formerly Liliaceae)

Parts used: Leaves, particularly the leaf gel and latex.

Constituents:  Vitamins: A, C, E, B-complex. Minerals: Calcium, magnesium, zinc, potassium. Anthraquinones: Aloin, aloe-emodin. Saponins & organic acids: Saponins, salicylic acid.

Description:

It is used seen ancient times Healing infection and burns. However with the improvement  in cosmetology, it has been proved that Aloe vera is a very important component of cosmetics. It contains almost 20 amino acids, minerals like calcium, magnesium and sodium in sufficient quantities, enzymes, vitamins, polysaccharides, nitrogen and other components that make it a miracle beauty herb.

Uses: 

1. Reduces inflammation and redness.
2. Kills acne-causing bacteria due to antimicrobial properties. [39]

2.Tulsi Leaves

Fig no.03:Tulsi Leaves

Biological source: 

Tulsi consist of the fresh & dried leaves of Ocimum sanctum L. and Ocimum basilicum L. belonging to family Labiatae. 

Parts used: Leaves. 

Chemical constituents:

1. Eugenol, nerol, eugenol methyl ether. 

2. Essential oils, ascorbic acid, carotene, calcium, phosphorus and insoluble oxalates. 

3. It also contains terpenes, mucilage, fixed oil and fatty acids.

4. Volatile Oil-0.8%

Uses:

1. Controls excess oil and prevents clogged pores.

2. Antibacterial – fights acne-causing bacteria

Description:

Numerous skincare advantages of Tulsi herb make it a great supplement to any beauty routine. Tulsi can transform your skin.The plant has natural anti-bacterial and anti-inflammatory properties that make it an effective treatment for acne. Due to its anti-bacterial characteristics, it can help eliminate the germs that cause breakouts, which is what causes By incorporating skincare products with Tulsi extract or oil into your routine, you can help clear up acne and prevent future breakouts.acne.

3.Glycerrhiza Glabra

Fig no.04: Glycerrhiza Glabra

Biological source: The biological source of licorice is the dried roots and stolons of Glycyrrhiza glabra, a plant in the Fabaceae (Leguminosae) family.

Part used: Root.

Chemical constituents: Glycyrrhizin (Glycyrrhizic acid) Glabridin , Liquiritin , Isoflavonoids (e.g., isoliquiritigenin) Coumarins

Uses:

1. Reduces inflammation – Soothes redness and swelling associated with acne.
2. Fights acne-causing bacteria – Glycyrrhizin and isoflavonoids inhibit bacterial growth.
3. Controls sebum production – Helps prevent clogged pores and new acne formation.

Description:

Commonly known as licorice, is a perennial plant native to Europe and Asia. The root of the plant is used in traditional medicine for its wide array of therapeutic properties. Glycyrrhiza glabra has been recognized for its anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and antioxidant effects, which make it a promising candidate for treating various skin conditions, including acne vulgaris.

Method And Evaluation     

Table no 01: List Of Material

Steps For Preparation of Cream

Collection of Sample : Glycerrhiza Glabra crude drug are purchased from market.

Preparation Of Oil Phase :

Accurately weighed quantities of stearic acid, cetyl alcohol, shea butter, and almond oil were taken in a clean, dry beaker. The mixture was heated on a water bath at a temperature of 70–75°C until all the ingredients were completely melted. The contents were stirred continuously to obtain a uniform oil phase.

Fig No.05: Oil Phase

Preparation of Aqueous Phase :

In another beaker, distilled water, glycerine, and triethanolamine were taken and heated to the same temperature (70-75°C). Methyl paraben was added to this phase as a preservative and dissolved completely to form a clear aqueous phase

Fig No.06: Liquid Phase

Process Of Cream Formulation

The hot aqueous phase was slowly added to the oil phase with continuous stirring. The mixture was stirred vigorously to form a stable oil-in-water emulsion. Proper mixing was ensured to avoid phase separation. The prepared emulsion was allowed to cool to about 40’C. Then, the herbal active ingredients, namely Glycyrrhiza glabra extract, aloe vera gel, and tulsi extract, were added. The mixture was Stirred continuously to ensure uniform distribution of the herbal componet throughout the cream.

The cream was further stirred thoroughly to improve its consistency, texture, and stability. This step ensured the formation of a smooth and homogenous cream without lumps. The prepared cream was allowed to cool gradually to room temperature with occasional stirring to maintain uniformity and prevent separation.

The final cream was transferred into a clean, dry, and airtight container. The container was properly labeled and stored in a cool and dry place away from direct sunlight.

Fig no. 07: Formulation of Cream

Table no 02: Formulation Table

Evaluation Test

Physical evaluation:

In this test, The prepared herbal antiacne creams were inspected visually for their colour,  appearance, odor, and consistency   

Irritancy:

Skin irritancy test: Skin irritancy is determined with that Herbal antifungal cream formulations do Not affect The human skin cells or tissues. Irritancy may result In swelling, redness and inflammation on the Surface of skin when some particular creams are Applied without testing. Hence skin irritancy test Was carried out by marking an area on the left hand Dorsal surface. The cream was applied with a Spatula to that marked specified area and time was Noted. Irritancy, erythema, edema was checked for Regular intervals upto 24 hours. There was no Prominent irritation because of the applied herbal Antifungal cream hence it was safe to use.

Washability: 

Take a small amount of cream .Apply it evenly on the skin surface (hand or forearm). Allow it to remain for 1–2 minutes. Wash the applied area with tap water. Gently rub the area without using soap. Observe how easily the cream is removed.

Fig No.08: Washability Test