Formulation And Evaluation of Herbal Ointment by Using Murraya Koengii

Fig. no. 1 Types of Herbal Ointment

PLANT  PROFILE:-                                                            

CURRY LEAVES                                                                                           

Biological source:

Curry leaves consist of the fresh and dried leaves of Murraya koenigii Linn

Family:-Rutaceae.

The plant is commonly known as Curry leaf tree and is widely distributed in India and other tropical regions.

Common Names:- Curry leaf tree, Curry patta, Sweet neem

Major Chemical Constituents: Rich in volatile oils , carbazole alkaloids,  Carbazole carboxylic acid, and flavonoids. 

Uses :-

• They help keep the wound clean and support tissue repair.
• Curry leaf extract is used in herbal ointments and topical preparations for wound care.
• Curry leaves may reduce redness, swelling, and pain associated with skin injuries.
• They help in preventing microbial growth in wounds and cuts.

Fig. no. 2. Leaf of Murraya koengii (Curry leaves)

HIBISCUS :-

BIOLOGICAL SOURCES:-

Hibiscus consist of the fresh and dried petals of Rosa Sinensis Linn

Family: Malvaceae.

Chemical constitute:-Flavonoids,Tannins, Alkaloids,Glycosides.

Uses :-

• Rosa sinensis is used in herbal ointments for its antimicrobial activity against skin infections.
• It helps in wound healing by promoting tissue repair and regeneration.
• The plant possesses anti-inflammatory properties that reduce redness, swelling, and irritation.

Fig.no.3. Hibiscus (Rosa Sinensis)

MATERIAL AND METHODS :-

Curry (Murrayakoenigii) leaves were procured from a local market. The stems as well as extraneous foreign material were removed. Fresh, green, un-damaged curry leaves were selected whereas, insect infested, bruised, discolored, decayed and wilted leaves were discarded before washing the leaves. The stalks of the leaves were cut from the main branches and the leaves were washed thoroughly three to four times with tap water to remove all the adhering dust, dirt particles. The curry leaves were then blanched in boiled distilled water containing 0.1 per cent magnesium oxide for 15-20 seconds. Leaves were then spread on filter paper.

Ingredient used in herbalointment:-

Table No. 1. Ingredient used in herbal ointment

• Ointment Base Ingredients:-

1.Hard paraffin:

Hard paraffin (also known as paraffin wax or hard paraffin wax) is a solid, white, odorless mixture of high-molecular-weight hydrocarbons (alkanes) derived from petroleum, coal, or shale oil. It is characterized by its crystalline structure.

2.Cetostearyl alcohol:-

Cetostearyl alcohol (also known as cetearyl alcohol or cetylstearyl alcohol) is a mixture of solid, long-chain fatty alcohols, primarily cetyl alcohol and stearyl alcohol . It is widely used in the cosmetic and pharmaceutical industries as an emulsifier, thickener, and emollient. 

3.White soft paraffin:-

White soft paraffin is a highly refined, white, semi-solid hydrocarbon blend used as an emollient to moisturize and treat dry skin conditions like eczema and psoriasis. It acts as a barrier, preventing water loss from the skin. It is generally considered safe for all skin types, including sensitive skin.

4.Wool fat (Lanolin):-

Wool fat, commonly known as lanolin, is a natural, waxy secretion from sheep's wool used heavily in cosmetics, skin care (moisturizer, sore nipples), and industrial lubricants. It is yellow, fatty, and highly effective as an emollient that reduces transepidermal water loss to hydrate skin. It is hypoallergenic, sustainable, and biodegradable. 

EXTRACTION OF CURRY LEAVES:-

A. Soxhlet Extraction Method:- Preparation of Herbal Ointment

Curry Leaves:-  

Take 20–50 g powdered leaves

Place in a thimble inside Soxhlet apparatus

Add ethanol (250–300 mL) in round bottom flask

Heat using heating mantle Solvent evaporates → condenses → extracts compounds Continuous cycles occur for

6–8 hours

Extraction completes when solvent becomes colorless20–50 g of powdered curry leaves were placed in a thimble

The thimble was inserted into the Soxhlet apparatus

Ethanol was used as solvent (250–300 mL).Extraction was carried out for 6–8 hours (until solvent becomes colorless).

Extract was concentrated using:Rotary evaporator or Water bath at 40–50°C.A thick, semi-solid extract was obtained.

Fig.No.4. Soxhlet Apparatus Extraction  Process Of Curry                                                                          Leaves(Murraya Koengii )

HIBISCUS:-       

. rosa-sinensis leaves were collected

They were washed using distilled water and then dried in airy conditions

The sample was then pulverized using a blender

The extraction of the leaf was done using distilled water in a hot water bath for 2 days (6 hours per day).

After extraction, the supernatant was filtered using filter paper and evaporated to dryness using a heating plate at 40-50°C

H. rosa-sinensis leaf extract was dissolved with dimethyl-sulfoxide (DMSO) to a final concentration of 0.1 mg/mL and sterilized by passing through a syringe filter (0.45 µm)

The extract was stored in sterile tubes at +4°C until used

Take 20–40 g hibiscus powder.Place in a thimble inside Soxhlet apparatus

Add ethanol (200–300 mL) in round bottom flask.Heat using heating mantle.

Solvent evaporates → condenses → extracts compounds Continue extraction for 6–8 hours Process completes when solvent becomes colorless.

Fig . No.5.Soxhlet Apparatus Extraction Process of Rosa Sinensis (Hibiscus)

PHYTOCHEMICAL CONSTITUENT:-

CURRY LEAVES:-

1. Test for Alkaloids

(C) Test for Tannins and Phenols:-

HIBISCUS (ROSA SINENSIS):-

Phytochemical examination, comprising multiple chemical tests, was performed on the testing extracts to discover secondary metabolic chemicals (flavonoids, and phenolic compounds).

Phenols Test

Flavonoids Test

1. Test for Alkaloids

(B) Test for Tannins:-

PROCEDURE FOR PREPARATION OF HERBAL OINTMENT:-

• Hard paraffin, white soft paraffin, cetostearyl alcohol, and wool fat were weighed accurately.
• All ointment base ingredients were melted together on water bath according to decreasing order of melting point.
• The melted ingredients were stirred continuously to obtain uniform ointment base.
• Measured quantity of curry leaves extract and hibiscus extract was added slowly into the base with continuous stirring.
• The mixture was mixed properly until smooth and homogeneous ointment was formed.
• The prepared ointment was cooled at room temperature.
• Finally, the herbal ointment was filled into suitable containers and labeled properly.

Fig no.6. Herbal ointment

FORMULATION OF HERBAL OINTMENT:-

Table no. 2 .  Formulation of herbal ointment

F1                                F2                                  F3

EVALUATION  PARAMETERS  OF  HERBAL  OINTMENT

• Physical Appearance: The ointment was evaluated for color, odor, texture, smoothness, and homogeneity.
• pH Determination: The pH of the formulation was measured using a digital pH meter to ensure skin compatibility.
• Spreadability: Spreadability was checked by applying the ointment on a glass slide to observe ease of application on skin.
•  Skin Irritation Test: A patch test was carried out on the skin to observe any irritation, redness, or allergic reaction.
•  Antimicrobial Activity: The ointment was tested against microorganisms to evaluate its antimicrobial effectivene

ANTIMICROBIAL TEST OF HERBAL OINTMENT

The antimicrobial activity of the herbal ointment was evaluated against different microorganisms by using the agar diffusion method. The activity was observed in the form of a clear zone of inhibition around the sample.The antimicrobial effect may be attributed to the bioactive constituents present in Murraya koenigii and Hibiscus rosa-sinensis, which possess natural antibacterial and antifungal properties. The formulation was found to be effective in controlling microbial growth and may help in preventing skin infections and promoting wound healing.

Fig no. 15. Microbial test for herbal ointment

RESULT AND DISCUSSION