Formulation And Evaluation of Sugar Free Antidiabetic Candy from Giloy Leaf Extract

Fig 1: classification of candy [3]

2. Advantages :

1. Herbal candies are safe medication.

2. It has good efficacy with low side effects.

3. It promotes efficient delivery system.

4. It provide unit dosage form.

5. Herbal candies enhances patient compliance.

3. Ideal properties :

1. It should have safe dosage regimen.

2. All ingredient should have compatibility to each other.

3. It should have proper stability profile.

4. It should be uniform in weight and drug content

Aim

To formulate and evaluate a sugar-free antidiabetic candy containing giloy leaf extract for providing a convenient, palatable, and potentially effective herbal dosage form for diabetic patients.

Objectives

• To prepare giloy leaf extract suitable for incorporation into candy formulation.
• To formulate sugar-free antidiabetic candy using giloy leaf extract and suitable sugar substitutes such as stevia or other non-nutritive sweeteners.
• To develop a stable and palatable candy formulation with acceptable taste, texture, color, and appearance.
• To optimize the concentration of giloy extract and excipients for effective formulation.
• To evaluate the antidiabetic potential of the formulation based on the known hypoglycemic activity of giloy extract.
• To study the dissolution or release profile of active constituents from the candy formulation.
• To evaluate the stability of the prepared candy under different storage conditions.
• To develop a patient-friendly herbal dosage form that improves compliance in diabetic patients.
• To prepare a cost-effective and safe herbal candy with minimal side effects compared to conventional sugar-containing confectionery products.
• To standardize the formulation process for future large-scale production of sugar-free herbal antidiabetic candy.

LITERATURE REVIEW

Previous research studies with citations

1.         Formulation And Evaluation of Giloy Lozenges for Antidiabetic Activity Kapil Gawai   Harishkumar Rathod   Dr. Swati Deshmukh Shraddha Institute of Pharmacy, Washim-444505 Volume 03 | Issue 05 | Article Id IJPS/250305296[1]

2.         International Journal for Multidisciplinary Research (IJFMR)E-ISSN: 2582-2160 Website: www.ijfmr.com Email: editor@ijfmr.com IJFMR240322368 Volume 6, Issue 3, May-June 2024 1[2]

3.         A Research on Formulation and Evaluation of Herbal Candy Phad S. H1 Khemnar S.,Bhagwat S., Gite A.,Dange S, Tagad A., Rokade V. Ashvin College of Pharmacy, Manchi Hill, Ashvi Bk., Sangamner, Ahmednagar, 413714. India. Volume 6, Issue 3, May-June 2024[3]

4.         National Library of Medicine National Center for Biotechnology Information Heliyon 2024 Feb 15;10(4):e26125. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e26125 Tinospora cordifolia (Giloy): An insight on the multifarious pharmacological paradigms of a most promising medicinal ayurvedic herb Abhishek Gupta , Priyanka Gupta , Gunjan Bajpai .[4]

5.         INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHARMACY AND PHARMACEUTICAL RESEARCH Human Journals Review Article  August 2020 Vol.:19, Issue:1 All rights are reserved by Ratnesh Singh  A Review Article on Phytochemistry and Pharmacological Activity of Tinospora cordifolia (Giloy) www.ijppr.humanjournals.com [5]

6.         Research Gate Medicinal importance of Tinospora cordifolia (Willd.) Miers and its possible use in food industry for value addition October 2025 DOI:10.1007/s44187-025-00652-8  License CC BY 4.0 Authors: Saleem Siddiqui, Sadhana Jadaun, R. Anusha ,Naveen Kumar [6]

7.         What Is Giloy? Nutrients, Benefits, Downsides, and More Medically reviewed by Amy Richter, MS, RD — Written by Anne Danahy, MS, RDN on July 9, 2021 [7]

8.         International journal of pharmacognasy and life science Website -

www.pharmacognosyjournal.com  IJPLS 2023; 4(2):12-20 Received - 12-04-2023 Accepted-15-05-2023 Ritika Panwar, Anchal Raj Suchitra Thapa, Amisha Solanki, Surbhi Mandola, Naveen Gauraw. Department of Biotechnology school of Basic and  Applied Science Shri Guru Ram Raj university, Patel Nagar Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India [8]

9.         Research journal of pharmalognosy and phytochemistry 16 (2), 107-111, 2024 Arjun singh. Department of medicine, sidney kimmel medical, collage, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, United States website- riponline.org [9]

10.       WORLD JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL AND MEDICAL RESEARCH www.wjpmr.com MULTIPURPOSE USES OF GILOY Aman Bisht*, Surendra Gusain and S. M. Patil Shree Dev Bhoomi Institute of Education Science and Technology Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India. Vol 9, Issue 6, 2023. │ ISO 9001:2015 Certified Journal [10]

1. Plan of work

Selection and authentication of giloy leave

Collection and washing of plant material

Drying (shade drying) of giloy leaves

Powdering of dried material

Preparation of aqueous extract

Filtration and concentration of extract

Selection of candy base ingredients (sweeting agent, preservatives, binder, acidulant)

Formulation of Giloy candy by mixing Giloy extract with base

Evaluation of candy (pH, ash content, moisture content, organoleptic testing and stability)

Packaging and labeling of final product

2. Plant profile [8][9]

Fig 2: Giloy leaf

• Synonyms: Tinospora cardifolia L. , Guduchi , Giloy leaf
• Family: Menispermaceae
• Different taxonomic ranks in the biological classification system
• Kingdom: Plantae
• Division: Magnoliophyta
• Class: Magnoliophyta
• Order: Ranunculales
• Menispermaceae
• Genus: Tinospora
• Phyto-chemicals:

Tinospora cordifolia contains diverse phytochemicals, including alkaloids, phytosterols, glycosides, tinosporide, and various other phytochemicals.

1. Plant description

Tinospora, a large deciduous, glabrous perennial plant, is extensively spread throughout India, especially in the tropical parts up to 1.2 km above sea level. It is found in neighboring countries such as China, Sri Lanka, Bangladesh, Pakistan, and Burma. Tinospora plants are mostly grown in warm climates. Tinospora prefers medium-black or red soil for its cultivation. It can also be successfully grown in a large variety of soils, ranging from sandy to clay loam. However, the soil should be well drained with sufficient moisture and rich with organic matter for its growth. 

T. cordifolia is commonly known as the Guduchi, Giloy, Amrita, and heart-leaved moonseed plant. It is supposed to be the ambrosia of God Indra, considered a holy liquid. Another species of Tinospora, T. crispa, a small herb, locally known as Faridbel, is a woody, lofty and entirely glabrous climber. This widely grows herb is found in temperate as well as tropical region of India. Third species, T. sinensis/malabarica also known as Malabar gulbel, have giant deciduous climber, shining light colored stem, long orbicular-cordate leaves larger than T. cordifolia, dioecious flowers, and aerial roots from branches [4]

2. MORPHOLOGICAL DESCRIPTION:

Fig 3: Morphology of giloy plant [6]           Fig 4: Morphology of giloy plant [7]

TC is a huge deciduous, extensively spreading climbing shrub within several coiling branches. Many parts of TC have the following type of morphology.

• Stem-

The stem of this plant is rather succulent with long, filiform, fleshy, and climbing in nature. Aerial roots arise from the branches. The bark is creamy white followed by grey in colour and deeply left spirally.

• Root-

The Arial roots of TC are present, these aerial roots are characterized by tetra to penta-arch primary structure. The cortex of the root is divided into the outer thick walled and inner parenchymatous zone

• Leaves-

Leaves of this plant are simple, alternate, ex- Lamina is ovate, 10-20 cm long, 7 nerved, and deeply cordate at the base and membranous.

• Flowers-

Flowers are unisexual, racemes, greenish yellow it appears when the plant is leafless. Male flowers are clustered and female flowers exist in a solitary inflorescence. Sepals are 6 in 2 series of 3 each. Outer ones are smaller than the inner sepals. Petals are also 6, smaller than sepals, free and membranous. Flowering occurs from March to June.

• Fruit-

They are orange-red in colour, fleshy, aggregate, and ovoid, smooth, drupelets on a thick stalk with subterminal style scars. Fruits develop during winter.

• Seed-

The curved seed has been reported in this species. Hence this family is named as a moonseed family. The seeds are curved in shape, the embryo also turned in to curve shape automatically. Moreover, the endocarp is variously ornamented and provides important taxonomic characters.[5]

3. THERAPEUTIC USES

• Anti-allergic

An herb called Giloy has anti-inflammatory, allergy, and Anti-histaminic properties. It helps in the treatment of Asthma, allergies, and skin diseases like eczema & Psoriasis. Additionally, it works well to treat flu, colds, And fever.[10]

• Immune booster

-Giloy is utilized to improve or support invulnerability”. It contains several cancer prevention agents that battle Free extremists, keep your cells solid, and dispose of Sicknesses.[10]

• Metabolism

Giloy is particularly helpful in treating bowel-related conditions and enhancing digestion.

For best effects, combine Giloy powder with some amla, or use it in combination with jaggery to relieve constipation[10]

• Treat hyperglycemia

Giloy is likewise a hypoglycaemic specialist which helps to treat via sugar. Interceding its enemy of diabetic potential has been accounted for through moderating oxidative pressure (operating system), advancing insulin emission, and restraining gluconeogenesis and glycogenolysis, consequently managing blood glucose.[10]

• Anti-inflammatory

In old texts of ayurvedic science, Tinospora powder alongside dry ginger powder is demonstrated to be powerful in the treatment of joint inflammation.

The dose of ginger is to be decreased if the individual has corrosiveness issues[10]

4. Pharmacological activities of T. cordifolia

In the last two decades, T. cordifolia has been subjected to extensive scientific investigations with pharmacological importance all over the world. There are innumerable reports available for the use of Tinospora plant as anti-diabetic, anti-Inflammatory, antioxidant, immunomodulatory, anticancer, anti-microbial, anti-allergic, and many others  Due to phytochemical substances present in T. cordifolia plant, such as alkaloids, phenolics, diterpenoid, glycosides, aliphatic compounds, and steroids, their pharmacological activities potentially target different diseases. Most of the pharmacological studies are based on plants’ crude extracts and biologically active compounds. In this section, we have highlighted the diverse pharmacological activities of T. cordifolia.[11]

Fig 5: Pharmacological activities of giloy plant

5. Anti-diabetic potential of T. cordifolia.

Anti-diabetic studies

Table 1: Anti-diabetic potential of T. cordifolia                                     

Material and equipment

• Plant Material

Fresh leaves of fresh giloy plant were collected from rural area of Kolpewadi, Ahilyanagar District

• Material chart

Table 2: Material with their role

• Formula chart

Table 3: Working formula

• Equipment

Table 4 : Required equipments

METHODOLOGY  OF PREPARATION OF CANDY

• EXTRACTION
• Soxhlet extraction:
• Dry Giloy leaves and prepare coarse powder.
  • The 20 g powder of dried leaves of Tinosporacordifolia is placed in thimble holder.
  • About 200 mL of water l is filled in the flask.
  • The thimble was clogged with cotton in order to avoid transfer of sample particles to the distillation flask.
  • The drug was extracted with water in Soxhlet apparatus for 6-8 h.
  • The aqueous extract is filtered and concentrated on Rota evaporator to give the  aqueous extract[38]

• Preparation of Gum Acacia Mucilage

• Required quantity of purified water is taken in a clean beaker.
• Gum acacia is added slowly with continuous stirring.
• Stirring is continued until smooth and uniform mucilage is formed.
• Lumps formation should be avoided during mixing.
• The prepared mucilage gives proper consistency to the candy base.

• Addition of Stevia

• Stevia is used as a natural sugar substitute suitable for diabetic patients.
• Required quantity of stevia is weighed accurately.
• It is added slowly into gum acacia mucilage.
• Continuous stirring is done to ensure complete dissolution.
• Stevia provides sweetness without increasing blood sugar levels.

• Addition of Citric Acid

• Citric acid is weighed accurately.
• It is added slowly into the mixture.
• Continuous stirring is maintained to obtain uniform solution.
• Incorporation of Giloy Extract
• Measured quantity of concentrated giloy extract is added into prepared candy base.
• The mixture is stirred continuously for uniform distribution of extract.
• Proper mixing ensures uniform drug content in each candy.

• Heating of Candy Mixture

• The prepared mixture is heated gently on water bath or low flame.
• Continuous stirring is maintained throughout heating process.
• Heating helps in thickening of mixture and formation of candy consistency.
• Heating is continued until semisolid sticky mass suitable for molding is obtained.

• Molding of Candy

• Candy molds are cleaned properly.
• Molds are lightly lubricated using oil or butter paper to prevent sticking.
• Warm candy mass is poured carefully into molds.
• Air bubbles are removed by gentle tapping.
• The mixture is allowed to settle uniformly inside molds

• Cooling and Solidification

• Filled molds are kept undisturbed at room temperature.
• Cooling allows solidification and hardening of candies.
• Candies are dried for several hours to remove excess moisture.
• Proper cooling improves texture and hardness of candy.

• Removal and Packaging

• Solidified candies are removed carefully from molds.
• Candies are wrapped individually or packed in airtight containers.
• Packaging protects formulation from moisture and contamination.
• The prepared candies are stored in cool and dry place.

Fig 7:   Weighing a sample       Fig 8:  Filteration of concentrated extract

Fig 9:  Molding of sample solution       Fig 10:  Formulation of candy

1. Evaluation

1. Physical evaluation

1.Colour: The giloy candy is whitish creamy in colour.

2. Odour: It possesses Mild herbal odor

3. Consistensy: It has hard consistency from inside and outside

4. Taste: It has sweet taste firstly then it gives sour and little bit bitter taste latter on.

5. Texture: It has hard texture

6. Apperance: hard and uniform

2. Chemical Evaluation

• pH:

Evaluated for stability, generally in the acidic range (5-6) to prevent bacterial growth.

Fig 11: pH determination

• Ash Value:

Measures inorganic residues, ensuring purity (usually 1.2-1.5%).

• Moisture Content:

Determine moisture using hot air oven method. No moisture content in formulation it ensure the shelf life of candy.

3. Phytochemical Screening

• Tests for: Alkaloids

Table 5: Alkaloid tests for Giloy extract

5. Evaluation of stability study

• Short time stability testing

Table 6: Stability determination

After the stability testing the F3 was stable than the F1, F2, and F4

RESULT AND DISCUSSION

The evaluation of the Giloy candy revealed that all four formulations showed acceptable organoleptic and physical characteristics, making them suitable for oral administration. Each batch displayed good consistency in appearance, taste, and shape, indicating uniform formulation.Stability test confirmed the giloy candy was stable and suitable to use without microbial contamination.. Alkaloid test show the active herbal components, essential for therapeutic efficacy. The pH levels were within the acceptable range for oral use,. Overall, the results indicated that the candy were pharmaceutically acceptable and potentially effective for antidiabetic application.