View Article

Abstract

Introduction: Plants and their products are a major source for food and medicine that are highly beneficial for various animals and humans. This article focuses on complete profile of Aegle marmelos L. which belongs to the family Rutaceae, is commonly known as bael, widely available in several places in India. Ethnobotany: Traditional use of A. marmelos for various diseases includes abdominal disorders, ulcer, cholera, diarrhea, nerve disorders, gonorrhea, heart disorders, dog bite, jaundice, snake bite and many more. A number of biologically active compounds isolated from various parts of A. marmelos which belongs to various chemical groups. Phytochemistry: The isolated components belong to Alkaloids, Terpenoids, Vitamins, Coumarins, Tannins, Carbohydrates, Flavonoids, Fatty Acids, Essential Oils and some other miscellaneous compounds. Pharmacological Activities: The plant also possesses various pharmacological activities such as Antioxidant, Antibacterial, Antifungal, Antidiarrheal, Antidiabetic, Antiproliferative, Cytoprotective, Hepatoprotective, Antifertility, Analgesic, Antiarthritis, Contractile, Antihyperlipidemic, Cardioprotective, Radioprotective, Anticancer, Antiviral, Anti-ulcer, Immunomodulatory and Wound Healing properties. Conclusion: Hence this review can be a good reference for researchers who are willing to undertake further investigation about A. marmelos.

Keywords

Aegle marmelos, Ethnobotany, Pharmacological activities, Phytochemistry, Traditional use.

Reference

  1. Balunas MJ, Kinghorn AD. Drug Discovery from Medicinal Plants. Life Sciences. 2005.
  2. Miller Lucinda G, Murrg Wsllsce J, Herbal Medicinal S Clinicianas Guide. Viva Book Private Limited, New Delhi, 2005.
  3. Sardana S, Sharma OP, Fundamental of Pharmacognosy. 1st edition, Birla Publication, New Delhi, 2009.
  4. Rajasekaran C, Meignanam E. In vitro elaluation of antibacterial activity of phytochemical extracts from leaves of Aegle marmelos corr. (rutaceae). Ethno Lflects, 2008.
  5. Maity Pallab, Hansda Dhananjay, et al, Indian Journal of Experimental Biology, 2009.
  6. Ghosh S, Kumar A, Sachan N, Chandra P. Bioactive Compounds and Distinctive Pharmacological Activity Guided Review of Aegle marmelos: A Miraculous Plant of Indigenous Medicine System. Current Bioactive Compounds 2020 Oct 1.
  7. Agarwal VS. Rural economics of medicinal plants: vegetation in the forests. Drug plants of India 1997.
  8. Panditrao SS. Development of RP-HPLC method for standardization of Aegle marmelos (L.). World Journal of Advanced Research and Reviews 2020.
  9. Mali SS, Dhumal RL, Havaldar VD, Shinde SS, Jadhav NY, Gaikwad BS. A systematic review on Aegle marmelos (Bael). Research Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry 2022.
  10. Seca AM, Grigore A, Pinto DC, Silva AM. The genus Inula and their metabolites: from ethno pharmacological to medicinal uses. Journal of ethnopharmacology 2014 Jun 11.
  11. Badam L, Bedekar S, Sonavane KB, Joshi SP. In vitro antiviral activity of Bael (Aegle marmelos Corr) upon. Journal of communicable diseases 2002.
  12. Takase H, Yamamoto K, Hirano H, Saito Y, Yamashita A. Pharmacological profile of gastric mucosal protection by marmin and nobiletin from a traditional herbal medicine, Aurantii fructus immaturus. The Japanese Journal of Pharmacology 1994.
  13. Goel RK, Maiti RN, Manickam M, Ray AB. Antiulcer activity of naturally occurring pyrano-coumarin and isocoumarins and their effect on prostanoid synthesis using human colonic mucosa. Indian Journal of Experimental Biology 1997 Oct 1.
  14. Rastogi RP, Mehrotra BN. Aegle marmelos in: Compendium of Indian Medicinal Plants. New Delhi. Publication and Information Directorate; 1991.
  15. Pitre S, Srivastava SK. Pharmacological, microbiological and phytochemical studies on roots of Aegle marmelos. Journal of Ethnopharmacology 1988 Jul 1.
  16. Jain NK. Antifungal activity of essential oil of Aeglemarmelos Correa (Rutaceae). Ind Drugs Pharmaceut Ind 1977.
  17. Banerjee AK, Kaul VK, Nigam SS. Chemical, microbial and anti-helminthic examination of the seeds of Aegle marmelos Correa. Indian Drugs 1983.
  18. Prakhar B, Amrinder K. Mythological and spiritual review on Aegle marmelos and its therapeutic uses. Plant Cell Biotechnology and Molecular Biology; 2021 Feb 22.
  19. Orwa, C (2009). "Aegle marmelos" (PDF). Agroforestree Database:a tree reference and selection guide version 4.0. Archived (PDF) from the original on 9 May 2016.
  20. The Complete Guide to Edible Wild Plants. United States Department of the Army. New York: Skyhorse Publishing. 2009
  21. Boning, Charles (2006). Florida's Best Fruiting Plants: Native and Exotic Trees, Shrubs, and Vines. Sarasota, Florida: Pineapple Press.
  22. Anonymous, The Wealth of India: Raw Materials Series, (Publications and Information Directorate, New Delhi), 1989.
  23. Kritikar KR and Basu BD, Indian Medicinal Plants, Vol I-IV (Bishen Singh Mahendra Pal Singh, Dehradun), 1984.
  24. Jain, SK, Dictionary of Indian Folk Medicine and Ethnobotany, (Deep Publications, New Delhi), 1991.
  25. Gaur RD, Flora of the district Garhwal North West Himalaya (with ethnobotanical notes), (TransMedia, Srinagar Garhwal), 1999.
  26. Veerappan AK, Srinivasan & Renganathan D, Cardiotonic effect of Aegle marmelos Corr. on amphibian heart in-situ preparation, Proc 6th Internet World Congress for Biomedical Sciences, 2000.
  27. George KV, Mohanan N & Nair SS, Ethnobotanical investigations of Aegle marmelos (Linn.) Corr. in: Ethnobotany and Medicinal Plants of India and Nepal, by Singh V and Jain AP, (Scientific Publishers, Jodhpur). 2003.
  28. Anonymous, International Cyber Business Services, 2000
  29. (www.uclm.es/inabis2000/posters/files/133/index.htm)
  30. Grieve M & Leyel CF, A Modern Herbal, (Tiger Books International, London), 1992.
  31. Parmar C & Kaushal MK, Wild Fruits of the sub-Himalayan Region, (Kalyani Publishers, New Delhi), 1982.
  32. Kaushik P & Dhiman AK, Medicinal Plants and Raw Drugs of India, (Bishen Singh Mahendra Pal Singh, Dehradun), 1999.
  33. Bailey LH, The Standard Cyclopedia of Horticulture, Vol IIII (McMillan Co, New York), 1953.
  34. Parichha S. Bael (Aegle marmelos): Nature's most natural medicinal fruit. Orissa Review 2004 Sep.
  35. Chakthong S, Weaaryee P, Puangphet P, Mahabusarakam W, Plodpai P, Voravuthikunchai SP, Kanjana-Opas A. Alkaloid and coumarins from the green fruits of Aegle marmelos. Phytochemistry 2012 Mar 1.
  36. Sharma BR, Sharma P. Constituents of Aegle marmelos. II: Alkaloids and Coumarin from fruits 1981.
  37. Sharma BR, Rattan RK, Sharma P. Marmelene, an alkaloid, and other components of unripe fruits of Aegle marmelos. Phytochemistry 1981 Jan 1.
  38. Chatterjee A, Saha SK. Isolation of allo-imperatorin and ?- sitosterol from the fruits of Aegle marmelos Correa. J Indian Chem Soc 1957.
  39. Pynam H, Dharmesh SM. Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties of marmelosin from Bael (Aegle marmelos L.); Inhibition of TNF-? mediated inflammatory/tumor markers. Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy 2018 Oct 1.
  40. Shinde PB, Katekhaye SD, Mulik MB, Laddha KS. Rapid simultaneous determination of marmelosin, umbelliferone and scopoletin from Aegle marmelos fruit by RP-HPLC. Journal of food science and technology 2014 Sep 1.
  41. Bhattacherjee AK, Dikshit A, Pandey D, Tandon DK. High performance liquid chromatographic determination of marmelosin and psoralen in Bael (Aegle marmelos (L.) Correa) fruit. Journal of Food Science and Technology 2015 Jan.
  42. Dhalwal K, Shinde VM, Namdeo AG, Mahadik KR. Antioxidant Profile and HPTLC-Densitometric Analysis of Umbelliferone and Psoralen in Aegle marmelos. Pharmaceutical Biology 2008 Jan 1.
  43. Prakash D, Upadhyay G, Pushpangadan P, Gupta C. Antioxidant and free radical scavenging activities of some fruits. Journal of complementary & integrative medicine; 2011 Jan 1.
  44. Rastogi RP, Mehrotra BN. Compendium of Indian medicinal plants. Central Drug Research Institute; 1990.
  45. Chatterjee A, Sen R, Ganguly D. Aegelinol, a minor lactonic constituent of Aegle marmelos. Phytochemistry 1978.
  46. Goswami S, Gupta VK, Sharma A, Gupta BD. Supra molecular structure of S-(+)-marmesin—a linear dihydrofuranocoumarin. Bulletin of Materials Science 2005 Dec 1.
  47. Chatterjee A, Bhattacharya A. 385. The isolation and constitution of marmin, a new coumarin from Aegle marmelos, Correa. Journal of the Chemical Society (Resumed); 1959.
  48. Chatterjee A, Mitra SS. On the Constitution of the Active Principles Isolated from the Matured Bark of Aegle marmelos, Correa. Journal of the American Chemical Society 1949 Feb.
  49. Chatterjee A, Choudhury A. The structure of marmin, a new coumarin of Aegle marmelos Correa. Naturwissenschaften 1955 Jan.
  50. Mookerjee A. On the active principles of the bark of Aegle marmelos Correa. Current Science 1943 Jul 1.
  51. Basu D, Sen R. Alkaloids and coumarins from root-bark of Aegle marmelos. Phytochemistry 1974.
  52. Shoeb A, Kapil RS, Popli SP. Coumarins and alkaloids of Aegle marmelos. Phytochemistry 1973 Aug 1.
  53. Farooq S. 555 medicinal plants. Field and laboratory manual (identification with its phytochemical and in vitro studies data). International book distributors; 2005.
  54. Kirtikar K.R. and Basu B.D., (1980) Indian Medicinal Plants, 2nd edn., M/s Bishen Sing Mahendra Pal Singh, New Connaught Place, Dehra Dun, Vol. 1.
  55. Phuwapraisirisan P., Puksasook T., Jong-aramruang J., Kokpol U., (2008) Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry Letters 18.
  56. Sabu M.C. and Kuttan R., (2004) Indian J. Physiol. Pharmacol.
  57. Upadhya S., Shanbhag K.K., Suneetha G., Naidu M.B. and Upadhya S., (2004) Indian J. Physiol. Pharmacol.
  58. Sachdewa A., Raina D., Srivatsava A., Khemani L.D., (2001) Journal of Environmental Biology.
  59. Hema C.G., Lalithakumari K., (1999) Indian Journal of Pharmacology.
  60. Singh B., (1997) Indian J. Clinical Practice.
  61. Das A.V., Padayatti P.S., Paulose C.S., (1996) Indian J. Exp. Biol.
  62. Seema P.V., Sudha B., Padayatti P.S., Abraham A., Raghu K.G., Paulose C.S., (1996) Indian J. Exp. Biol.
  63. Rao V.V., Dwivedi S.K., Swarup D., Sharma S.R., (1995) Current Science.
  64. Ponnachan P.T.C., Paulose C.S., Panikkar K.R., (1993) Indian J. Exp Biol.
  65. Rani P., Khullar N., (2004) Phytother Res.
  66. Rana B.K., Singh U.P., Taneja V., (1997) J. Ethnopharmacol.
  67. Pattnaik S., Subramanyam V.R., Kole C., (1996) Microbiol.
  68. Arul V., Miyazaki S., Dhananjayan R., (2005) J. Ethnopharmacol.
  69. Jagtap A.G., Shirke S.S., Phadke A.S., (2004) J. Ethnopharmacol.
  70. Jagetia G.C., Venkatesh P., Baliga M.S., (2004) Int. J. Radiat. Biol.
  71. Rajadurai M., Prince P.S., (2005) Singapore Med. J.
  72. Costa-Lotufo L.V., Khan M.T., Ather A., Wilke D.V., Jimenez P.C., Pessoa C., de Moraes M.E., de Moraes M.O., (2005) J. Ethnopharmacol.
  73. Jagetia G.C., Venkatesh P., Baliga M.S., (2005) Biol. Pharm. Bull.
  74. Lambertini E., Piva R., Khan M.T., Lampronti I., Bianchi N., Borgatti M.,Gambari R., (2004) Int. J. Oncol.
  75. Singh R.P., Banerjee S., Rao A.R., (2000) J. Pharm Pharmacol.
  76. Prince P., Stanely Mainzen, Rajadurai M., (2005) Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology.
  77. Hema C.G., Lalithakumari K., (1999) Indian Journal of Pharmacology.
  78. Das U.K., Maiti R., Jana D., Ghosh D., (2006) Iranian Journal of Pharmacology & Therapeutics.
  79. Veerappan A., Miyazaki S., Kadarkaraisamy M., Ranganathan D., (2008) Phytomedicine.

Photo
Abdul Rahoop Mohamed Riyaz
Corresponding author

Arulmigu Palaniandavar Collage of Arts and Culture, Palani, Tamil Nadu, South India, 624601

Photo
Thirupathi Jeyalalitha
Co-author

Arulmigu Palaniandavar Collage of Arts and Culture, Palani, Tamil Nadu, South India, 624601

Photo
A. Kuthubu Nisha
Co-author

Arulmigu Palaniandavar Collage of Arts and Culture, Palani, Tamil Nadu, South India, 624601

Photo
A. Amutha
Co-author

Arulmigu Palaniandavar Collage of Arts and Culture, Palani, Tamil Nadu, South India, 624601

Photo
G. Gopalakrishnan
Co-author

Arulmigu Palaniandavar Collage of Arts and Culture, Palani, Tamil Nadu, South India, 624601

Abdul Rahoop Mohamed Riyaz, Thirupathi Jeyalalitha, A. Kuthubu Nisha, A. Amutha, G. Gopalakrishnan, Aegle marmelos: A Review Paper, Int. J. of Pharm. Sci., 2024, Vol 2, Issue 2, 348-359. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10650098

More related articles
Formulation And Evaluation Of Mosquitoes Repellent...
Shaily Saini , Anshika Singh, Hansika Varshney, ...
Potential Role Of Tinospora Cordifolia In Pharmace...
Kapil Dnyaneshwar Sirsath , Dr. D. K Vir, Dr. Gajanan Sanap, ...
A Review on Method Development for Simultaneous Es...
Vanita B. Katore, Hemlata S.Bhawar, Geeta Nhavale, Rahul Godge, S...
Preliminary Phytochemical Screening, Morphological Evaluation And Physicochemica...
Pratibha Rana, Chinu Kumari, Dev Prakash Dahiya, Nutan Thakur , Munish choudhary, Anita Kumari, ...
ORAL MANIFESTATIONS OF VARIOUS SYNDROMES :A REVIEW...
Radhika Gupta, Trushna Rahangdale, ...
Breathless: A Comprehensive Study Of Pathophysiology, Diagnosis, And Treatment O...
Hema Arya, Shelesh Kumar Bansal, Tanuj Bhardwaj , Kanishk, Shivam, ...
Related Articles
Management Of Psoriasis: A Global Clinical Challenge And Future Treatment ...
Nusrat Nabi, Mohd Rafi Reshi, Mariya Muzaffar, Muzamil Muzaffar, Nausheen Yusuf, ...
Tamsulosin Versus Silodosin for The Treatment of Distal Ureteric Stones: A Revie...
Y. Bhavana, T. Bhavana, S. D. Reshma, S. Balakrishna Reddy, Dr. M. Lakshmi Banusri, ...
Concept And Recent Advancement In Tablet Coating Technologies: A Comprehensive R...
Shrikant S. Dongare, Mr. Dnyaneshwar S. Vyavhare, Dr. Megha T. Salve, ...
Checking The Antimicrobial Activity of The Seed Extract of Nigella sativa Extrac...
Debabrata Routh, Prasanta Mondal, Indranil Chatterjee, Bishan Sarkar, Suchetan Sarkar, Anurag Kayal,...
Formulation And Evaluation Of Mosquitoes Repellent Candles ...
Shaily Saini , Anshika Singh, Hansika Varshney, ...
More related articles
Formulation And Evaluation Of Mosquitoes Repellent Candles ...
Shaily Saini , Anshika Singh, Hansika Varshney, ...
Potential Role Of Tinospora Cordifolia In Pharmaceuticals...
Kapil Dnyaneshwar Sirsath , Dr. D. K Vir, Dr. Gajanan Sanap, ...
A Review on Method Development for Simultaneous Estimation of Itraconazole and T...
Vanita B. Katore, Hemlata S.Bhawar, Geeta Nhavale, Rahul Godge, Sabafarin H.Shaikh, Mayur S.Bhosale,...
Formulation And Evaluation Of Mosquitoes Repellent Candles ...
Shaily Saini , Anshika Singh, Hansika Varshney, ...
Potential Role Of Tinospora Cordifolia In Pharmaceuticals...
Kapil Dnyaneshwar Sirsath , Dr. D. K Vir, Dr. Gajanan Sanap, ...
A Review on Method Development for Simultaneous Estimation of Itraconazole and T...
Vanita B. Katore, Hemlata S.Bhawar, Geeta Nhavale, Rahul Godge, Sabafarin H.Shaikh, Mayur S.Bhosale,...